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PE - Mr Sapsford > Methods of practice > Flashcards

Methods of practice Flashcards

1
Q

what is part practice

A

skill broken into subroutines. then subroutines practiced separately. then subroutines put together

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2
Q

part practice advantages

A
  • good for closed skills and those of low organisation e.g tennis serve or clean and jerk
  • good at cognitive stage of learning
  • helps understanding
  • gives early success
  • raises confidence and motivation
  • limits information to process
  • safer for learning dangerous skills
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3
Q

part practice disadvantages

A
  • not useful for skills of high organisation e.g running
  • limits awareness of whole skill
  • limits kinaesthetic development
  • transfer to whole skill may be difficult
  • can be de-motivating for high ability learners
  • takes time
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4
Q

what is whole practice

A

not broken into subroutines. skill learned in its complete form. movement attempted holistically.

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5
Q

whole practice advantages

A
  • good for high organisation, continuous and simple skills e.g sprinting or cycling
  • gives holistic view of skill
  • saves time
  • good for high ability learners or those at the autonomous stage
  • creates mental picture
  • encourages fluency
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6
Q

whole practice disadvantages

A
  • unsuitable for complex skills e.g triple jump
  • difficult for low abilities and those at the cognitive stage of learning
  • too fast for some learners
  • can be demotivating if failure experienced
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7
Q

what is progressive part practice

A

parts/subroutines of a skill practised separately then combined gradually into larger parts until whole skill is achieved. e.g A-B-AB-C-ABC-D-ABCD

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8
Q

progressive part practice advantages

A
  • good for low organisation, serial and complex skills e.g triple jump or bowling in cricket
  • quicker than part and similar with uses
  • kinaesthetic developed more effectively than with part practise
  • transfer of subroutines more likely than with part practice
  • gives a chance for recap
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9
Q

progressive part practice disadvantages

A
  • unsuitable for high organisation skills e.g sprinting or cycling
  • similar drawbacks to part practice
  • limited awareness of whole skill
  • limited kinaesthetic development
  • transfer to the whole skill may remain difficult
  • can be de-motivating for high abilities
  • takes a long time
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10
Q

what is whole-part-whole practice

A

skill practised in its entirety then sub-routines practices separately. Then complete skill practised again

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11
Q

whole-part-whole practice advantages

A
  • good for low organisation and serial skills e.g shot putt
  • also for complex , open and closed skills
  • combines the uses of whole and part methods
  • a flexible method for all abilities/ all stages of learning
  • the entire skill can be practiced early
  • allows focus on weak subroutines
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12
Q

whole-part-whole practice disadvantages

A
  • unsuitable got high organisation skills e.g sprinting or cycling
  • can be difficult for learners with low ability or low motivation
  • lots of information to process
  • potential for overload
  • can be de-motivating to return to subroutines
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13
Q

what is massed practice

A

practice is repetitive and continuous. no rest intervals. e.g repetitive and continuous driving in golf or set shots in basketball

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14
Q

massed practice advantages

A
  • ideal for discrete skills e/g gold drive or basketball set shot
  • good for simple or short duration skills e.g netball shooting
  • good at the autonomous phase
  • good for experienced or older or motivated performers
  • helps to groove or overlearn the skill
  • helps to strengthen s-r bonds, develop kinesthisis and schema
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15
Q

massed practice disadvantages

A
  • can be too exhausting and/or boring
  • could cause drive reduction mental fatigue
  • errors could increase due to the repetitive and continuous nature of practice
  • can lead to chronic or overuse injuries
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16
Q

what is distributed practice

A

practice is in short bursts. regular rest intervals. e.g. sprinting or swimming

17
Q

distributed practice advantages

A
  • ideal for high energy continuous skills e.g. sprinting or swimming
  • good for complex and dangerous skills e.g. trampolining
  • good at the cognitive stage or less fit performers
  • helps understanding at the associative and autonomous stages
  • time for rest, mental rehearsal, reinforcement
  • helps to form S-R bonds, develop kinaesthesis and schema
18
Q

distributed practice disadvantages

A
  • rest intervals may disjoint the practice, causing learning to be hindered
  • can be hard to regain intensity of practice or concentration after a break
  • long or frequent breaks can be demotivating
19
Q

definition of S-R bonds

A

stimulus response bonds

20
Q

definition of schema

A

motor pattern

21
Q

what is varied practice

A

changes regularly. takes place in different environments or situations. different activities are performed in different ways. e.g hockey players passing in different practice situations or when attacking in rugby.

22
Q

varied practice advantages

A
  • ideal for open skills in games of hockey and rugby
  • good at the autonomous stage
  • good when the skill has already been learners via fixed practice
  • stimulates interest and motivation
  • helps transfer of skills
  • helps to form S-R bonds, and to develop kinaesthesis and schema
23
Q

varied practice disadvantages

A
  • basic skills must first be learned in fixed practice
  • too many stimuli may cause overload
  • can be confusing especially for those in the cognitive phase of learning
  • not effective in helping to groove or over-learn skills
  • an effective motor programme may not be developed
24
Q

what is fixed practice

A

stays the same. the environment or situation doesn’t change. practice repeated in the same environment. e.g javelin throw or dismount from high bar.

25
Q

fixed practice advantages

A
  • ideal for closed skills e.g javelin throw
  • good at the cognitive stage
  • develops motor programmes and competition is replicated
  • can perfect the skill
  • helps to groove or over-learn the skill
  • helps to form the S-R bonds, develop kinaesthesis and schema
26
Q

fixed practice disadvantages

A
  • not suitable for open skills
  • may become boring
  • does not prepare for game situation
  • can cause drive reduction
  • can lead to chronic or overuse injuries

PE - Mr Sapsford (2 decks)

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