methods of artificial reproduction Flashcards
what are mechanical blockage causes of infertility?
- occlusion of the vas deferens
- occlusion of the uterine tubes
- previous ligation for sterilisation
- endometriosis
- congenital defects
what is azoospermia?
No sperm
what is asthenozoospermia?
- slow motility sperm
what is teratozoospermia?
Higher than normal proportion of abnormal sperm
what can cause blockage of the uterine tubes?
- infection
- chlaymdia
- endometriosis
what are methods of reproduction for women with anovulation?
- GnRH administration
- giving gonadotrophins
- removing the negative feedback
In women with anovulation you can induce ovulation by removing the oestrogen feedback what are two ways of doing this/
- SERM such as clomid/clomiphene
- aromatase inhibitor such as letrozole
what women are infertile due to lack of ovulation?
- low gonadotrophins due to hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
- PCOS
- disorders of the pituitary gland
what does high frequency pulses of GnRH influence?
LH secretion
what does low frequency pulses of GNRH influence?
FSH secretion
what normally causes ovulation?
Oestrogen causing an LH spike
in women who can’t ovulate an option is giving GnRH how is this given?
via a pump due to the pulsatile fashion
In annovulatory women one treatment is giving FSH to try and stimulate the ovary, what is a risk of giving too much?
An inflammatory mediator of ovulation is VGEF which makes capillaries more leaky and can cause pulmonary oedema.
what causes the intercycle rise in FSH?
- death of the corpus luteum causing the fall in progesterone
what are the steps of IVF?
- downregulate the axis by giving a GnRH analogue
- give FSH causing selection of multiple follicles
- collect mature eggs using ovary transvaginal catheter guidance
- fertilise eggs in vitro
- return the dividing embryo to the uterus
