Methods in Quantitative Pharmaceutical Chemistry

Question 1

▸ Determination of the volume of a solution of known concentration required to react with a given amount of the substance to be analyzed
Advantages
►Highly precise, easy process, fast result and simple apparatus is required
Disadvantages
▸ Destructive, limited accuracy, produce significant amounts of chemical waste

Answer 1

Volumetric Analysis
(Aka Titrimetric analysis)

Question 2

Analytical method in which the volume of a solution of known concentration consumed during an analysis is taken as a measure of the amount of active constituent in a sample being analyze.

Answer 2

TITRIMETRIC METHODS

Question 3

Substance being analyzed

Answer 3

ANALYTE

Question 4

Solution of known concentration

Answer 4

TITRANT

Question 5

A chemical which changes color when the analyte and titrant are near or at the end point

Answer 5

INDICATOR

Question 6

Point where sudden change in property of the reaction mixture. End of the tritration.

Answer 6

END POINT-

Question 7

The theoretical point at which equivalent amounts of each analyte and titrant have reacted.

Answer 7

STOICHIOMETRIC POINT OR EQUIVALENCE POINT-

Question 8

Is conducted by introducing a standard acid solution gradually from a buret into a solution of the base being assayed until chemically equivalent amounts of each have reacted. (example is experiment 1)

Answer 8

DIRECT TITRATION

Question 9

Is used whenever the end point of a direct titration deviates appreciably from the stoichiometric point for some reason.
- The analyte is treated with an amount of standard acid known to be in excess of a chemically equivalent amount, and the excess acid is titrated with a standard base.

Answer 9

INDIRECT TITRATION

Question 10

1. Based on the extent of determination/analysis
2. Based on the sample size/amount
3. Based on the nature of methods
4. Based on materials used

Answer 10

Classification of Analysis

Question 11

• Amount of specific compartment/ single species present in the sample.

Answer 11

Proximate

Question 12

Total amount of class or group of active plant principles in a given sample.

Answer 12

Ultimate

Question 13

aka General/Chemical
Titrimetric analysis, Gravimetric

Answer 13

Classical

Question 14

Based on specific physical or chemical properties of the analyte (more accurate analysis)
>Spectrophotometry, Polarimetry, Chromatography

Answer 14

Instrumentation

Question 15

Involves crude drugs and natural products derived from them
➤Water content determination, Ash content, Acid Value

Answer 15

Miscellaneous/Specific Method

Question 16

Use of chemical reagents

Answer 16

Chemical

Question 17

Instruments & special apparatus

Answer 17

Physical

Question 18

Use of microorganisms, animals

Answer 18

Biological