Methods in Developmental Psychology Flashcards

Question

self report: advantages

Answer 1

- Insight into inner experience + why a behavior occurs - Easy to administer

Answer 2

- Provide insight into physical and behavioral correlation - Biological influences/underpinnings - Doesn't require language/behavior

Answer 3

- Artificial environment - Observer bias & behaving differently when you know you're being watched - Ethical challenges - Little insight into why a behavior occurs/inner experience in children: ○ Being in a new space may be particularly challenging + lack of cooperation ○ Unwilling to engage in tasks ○ Ethical concerns

Answer 4

○ Being able to adequately express yourself in language ○ Demand characteristics ○ Big limitation into accuracy ○ Bias by interviewer or subject in children: ○ May be skewed based off of what's allowed/not allowed ○ Little children can't do self report; other people doing the report might not be as accurate § May need to rely on parent or teacher observations ○ Shy ○ Unable to fill out report ○ Memory difficulties; easily influenced

Answer 5

○ anxiety w/ stimuli of measuring methods ○ are you really measuring what you want to measure ○ Can't measure a behavior or thoughts ○ Costly ○ Difficulty with interpreting results in children: - Can be loud/frightening

Answer 6

examine relationship between variables - 2 variables are measured; research does not assign/manipulate anything

Answer 7

measure association between 2 variables - Positive: as one variable increases, the other variable tends to systematically increase as well - Negative: as one variable increases, the other decrease Strength: 0-1 range

Answer 8

NO! - Not able to tell direction of relationship - May be a third variable

Answer 9

manipulating a variable to examine a cause-effect relationship - research manipulates the independent variable; participants randomly assigned diff groups

Answer 10

the ethics and the difficulty of being able to assign/manipulate a variable

Answer 11

Ways of gathering info: how variables are measured Structure: how variables are manipulated

Answer 12

- longitudinal design - cross sectional design

Answer 13

different groups of participants at different ages measured at the same time - Test diff groups of participants across different ages - Measure them all at the same time point in history - Tend to be fast - Easier to conduct - Useful in giving a snapshot of what people at different ages are doing

Answer 14

impossible to tell if differences between groups are due to age or different cohorts - Observing challenges between different groups of different ages, there may be other differences between these different groups in ways other than age ○ ^^^ considered being in different cohorts; they are different generations in different historical time periods can't track individual development - Looking at differences between ages prevents us from tracking individual development

Answer 15

same group of participants measured repeatedly across time at different ages - get a sense of individual trajectory

Answer 16

- lots of time (for both participants and researchers) - holding onto participants (major concern is dropout) - impossible to tell if difference across ages doesn't have to actually do with age or changes in history (age and time can be confounding)

Answer 17

particular types of participants are more likely to drop out § Can have influences on generalizability § Ex: in a longitudinal study measuring mothers with depression, the mothers with the worst depression are the most likely to drop out □ Prevents application of findings to relate to everyone

Answer 18

- understanding what causes change; hard to tell is age is causing an effect or something else - measurement equivalence; looking at change across development in phenomena (i.e. hitting as aggression in children vs. relational aggression in teens)

Answer 19

- selection: who do I choose to study (consent w/ kids is hard; accessible samples might not be representative of entire populations) - ethics: need to be particularly mindful of not causing harm - cooperation: uncertain if children will cooperate with research

Answer 20

- scientific community comments on, critiques, builds upon others' work - constantly changing & updating --> ideally improving knowledge - publicly shared knowledge (freely accessible)

Answer 21

the process of repeating a study, to determine which results across time/situation/contexts - repeating a study to see if the set of results will continue to be found

Answer 22

Only 30% of the most famous psych studies are replicable - in the 2010s, researchers began to note than many psychology findings failed to replicate

Answer 23

- More mindful of ethics - Rise of IQ - Developmental psych research often just tends to be messier ○ A lot more noise in the data

Answer 24

- cannot answer all questions (higher power; good vs. evil) - assumption that science is the only or best way of knowing (lead people to exclude/disregard other ways of knowing) - embedded within a particular historical and cultural contexts (biases from cultures, history, time period, perspective, etc.) - biased of scientsists, can exclude, distort, or other populations (conducting experiments, interpreting results; excluding people, distortion)

Answer 25

Developmental psychology has often been conducted by/on/in a context of Western, White, comparatively wealthy individuals - assumed to be the "norm" that other development is compared to --> other cultures are deviations of the norm

Answer 26

there's a 30 million word gap between children from high SES families versus low SES families

Answer 27

- High SES were white ○ 13 families; 12 were white; 1 was black - Low SES were often black, Latin American families

Answer 28

- Their ideas of what counts as a word aligns with the high SES groups - There are different dialects of language across different groups ○ There are different ideas/contexts in which how you talk to children - The researchers likely shaped their interpretation of a deficit

Answer 29

- cannot answer all questions - assumption that science is the only or best way of knowing - embedded within a particular historical and cultural contexts - biases of scientists can exclude, distort, other

Answer 30

○ Indigenous populations § Lots of criticism of how what "good parenting" is derived from white samples and then applied to other cultural groups ○ Learning disabilities, neurodivergence, able bodied individuals

Answer 31

our positions in society and in relation to our work --> our contexts, our identities, our access - We carry these positions in society - We carry these positions in regard to our work - These impact how we perceive the world and how we conduct our work - Allows us to think about that and acknowledge where we stand

Answer 32

- want science to be unbiased; want separation between researcher and research - unsure of impact - feelings of forced disclosure (can feel uncomfortable, particularly from those who come from marginalized identities)

Methods in Developmental Psychology Flashcards

Lectures 2, 3, and 4 (57 cards)