Methods: Controlled Exp. Flashcards
Define Observation
Noticing made by main 5 senses / extension of sense.
Define Inference
Assumption from observations
What constitutes controlled Experiment?
Parts of controlled experiment?
Uses scientific method
-scientists notice something (obs) and want to test it
1. Hypothesis 2. Test hyp. By designing exp. only change one var.
Always has control group (group w/o exp. done on them)
Independent var.,
Manipulated
Independent
X axis
Dependent var
Dependent
Respoding
Y axis
constant var(s).
Var. kept same in exp. to not influence dependent var. ensure only independent var. influences it.
Qualitative obs
Noticing of a property something has
(Ex. Blue, soft, circular, etc)
Quantitative obs.
Noticing of how much of something there is (w/ units)
(Ex. 13 degrees c, 23 oranges, 3 feet tall etc.)
Positive control group
Not exposed to the experiment, but is (purposefully) exposed to something else that is known to create expected effect (result : expected positive)
False positive group
Error when the data shows that a certain condition is present to produce data, but in reality it is not. (Ex. False positive pregnancy test (not pregnant but test shows that person is))
Negative control
Group with condition so that it cannot make result.
(Ex. Test luminal on water, cannot make glow)
Exp. group
Group that has change in x to influence y. “Recieves the treatment”
Compared to control group(s) to see changes in y.
Why need obs for inference?
No basis for inf if no obs.
Diff between claim, evidence and reasoning?
Claim: main point
Evidence: relevant data
Reasoning: science behind exp. and logic using data that makes claim true
Why consolidate data?
Make sorter writing, notice and highlight patterns.
What must SOR (summary of results) always have/ not have?
NO: pronouns, introduction sentence, procedure of exp, inherences
ALWAYS: combine similar results into one sentence/phrase, be concise, include all data
Claim must have/be:
One sentence
Answer lab question
Inference based on data
Not start w/ yes or no
Evidence must have/be:
Only relevant data
Includes qualitative and quantitative data
Concise in 1-2 sentences
Show patterns/differences
Combine similar results
Just data
Reasoning must have/be:
Explain science behind phenomina
Ties together claim and evidence
Why data in evidence supports claim
Doesn’t use more data not in evidence part
Uses linking language ( this shows, therefore, etc.)
