Methods: Controlled Exp.

Question 1

Define Observation

Answer 1

Noticing made by main 5 senses / extension of sense.

Question 2

Define Inference

Answer 2

Assumption from observations

Question 3

What constitutes controlled Experiment?
Parts of controlled experiment?

Answer 3

Uses scientific method
-scientists notice something (obs) and want to test it
1. Hypothesis 2. Test hyp. By designing exp. only change one var.
Always has control group (group w/o exp. done on them)

Question 4

Independent var.,

Answer 4

Manipulated
Independent
X axis

Question 5

Dependent var

Answer 5

Dependent
Respoding
Y axis

Question 6

constant var(s).

Answer 6

Var. kept same in exp. to not influence dependent var. ensure only independent var. influences it.

Question 7

Qualitative obs

Answer 7

Noticing of a property something has
(Ex. Blue, soft, circular, etc)

Question 8

Quantitative obs.

Answer 8

Noticing of how much of something there is (w/ units)
(Ex. 13 degrees c, 23 oranges, 3 feet tall etc.)

Question 9

Positive control group

Answer 9

Not exposed to the experiment, but is (purposefully) exposed to something else that is known to create expected effect (result : expected positive)

Question 10

False positive group

Answer 10

Error when the data shows that a certain condition is present to produce data, but in reality it is not. (Ex. False positive pregnancy test (not pregnant but test shows that person is))

Question 11

Negative control

Answer 11

Group with condition so that it cannot make result.
(Ex. Test luminal on water, cannot make glow)

Question 12

Exp. group

Answer 12

Group that has change in x to influence y. “Recieves the treatment”
Compared to control group(s) to see changes in y.

Question 13

Why need obs for inference?

Answer 13

No basis for inf if no obs.

Question 14

Diff between claim, evidence and reasoning?

Answer 14

Claim: main point
Evidence: relevant data
Reasoning: science behind exp. and logic using data that makes claim true

Question 15

Why consolidate data?

Answer 15

Make sorter writing, notice and highlight patterns.

Question 16

What must SOR (summary of results) always have/ not have?

Answer 16

NO: pronouns, introduction sentence, procedure of exp, inherences
ALWAYS: combine similar results into one sentence/phrase, be concise, include all data

Question 17

Claim must have/be:

Answer 17

One sentence
Answer lab question
Inference based on data
Not start w/ yes or no

Question 18

Evidence must have/be:

Answer 18

Only relevant data
Includes qualitative and quantitative data
Concise in 1-2 sentences
Show patterns/differences
Combine similar results
Just data

Question 19

Reasoning must have/be:

Answer 19

Explain science behind phenomina
Ties together claim and evidence
Why data in evidence supports claim
Doesn’t use more data not in evidence part
Uses linking language ( this shows, therefore, etc.)