Methods

Question 1

Ethics of using animals to study drugs

Answer 1

Silly                  Strain on species
Nicom              Number of species
Poops              Procedures used
Constantly      Choice of species
Data                 Disposed of
Oversized        Obtained
Cunts               Cared for

Replace
Reduce
Refine

Question 2

Ethics of using human pp to study drugs

Probably want higher level of significance on drug studies before human trials

Answer 2

Protection from harm
Informed consent
Confidentiality
Right to withdraw
Deception
Debrief
Observation

Question 3

The use of animals in research

For animals in research

Answer 3

1. Shorter gestation period
2. High degree of control
3. Results can help humans
4. Unethical to do on humans
5. Cost benefit analysis can be done

Question 4

The use of animals in research

Against the use of animals

Answer 4

1. Can’t generalise it to humans
2. Speciesism
3. Hard to accurately conduct cost-benefit analysis

Question 5

Just a little factoid

How many animals are used in experimental research worldwide annually

Answer 5

115 million

Question 6

Cross cultural research

Answer 6

Taking samples from different cultures to see how culture effects behaviour

Question 7

Different types of cross cultural research

Answer 7

EMIC = local

ETIC = global

Question 8

Dwight health definition of culture

Answer 8

“Culture is a system of patterns of beliefs and behaviours that shape the worldview of the member of a society”

Question 9

+ of the cross-cultural research method

Answer 9

Application to multiple different groups of society and reduces bias as it is not just focussed on western culture

Yields large sample sizes with relative ease (as it could be done via meta analysis)

Application to the nature nurture debate

Question 10

• of cross cultural method

Answer 10

Time sensitive as culture is a dynamic variable that will change over time

Complexity of culture as culture is an abstract concept

Participant co-operation some issues that cross cultural research looks at may be socially sensitive issues in some areas, either leading to no co-operation or lying about their views or habits etc, e.g. Dixit

Question 11

Examples from research

Cross cultural

Answer 11

Deng

Gullo

Question 12

What did Deng find

Answer 12

Data compared drug habits between the US and Taiwan

Findings were things such as in Taiwan people bought from friends where as in the US people brought from dealers

People in Taiwan also used heroin more and Cocaine less than Americans

Also in Taiwan drugs were more used due to social construction
Whereas in the US it was more due to family relations

Supporting nurture

Question 13

What did Gullo find

Answer 13

Data looking at relationship between impulsivity and drug miss use Britain and Australia

Results were similar between the cultures

Suggesting the personality type impulsive may make an individual vulnerable to substance miss-use

Supporting nature (however these two cultures are similar)

Question 14

Two research methods using humans to study drugs

Answer 14

Interviews (Dixit)

Questionnaires (Pengpid) - questionnaire in Africa, to assess effectiveness of brief interventions in alcoholism, either counsellor or education