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Psychology > Methods > Flashcards

Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

The tendency to believe, after learning the outcome, that you knew it all along

A

Hindsight Bias

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2
Q

tendency of people to favor information that confirms their beliefs.

A

Confirmation bias

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3
Q

Survey method

A

Most common type of study in psychology Measures correlation Cheap and fast Need a good random sample Low-response rate

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4
Q

Case studies

A

A detailed picture of one or a few subjects. Tells us a great story, but is just descriptive research. Does not even give us correlation data.

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5
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

Watch subjects in their natural environment. Do not manipulate the environment. The good is that there is Hawthorne effect. The bad is that we can never really show cause and effect.

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6
Q

Correlational method

A

Correlation expresses a relationship between two variable. Does not show causation.

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7
Q

Positive, negative

A

Types of correlation

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8
Q

The variables go in the SAME direction.

A

Positive Correlation

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9
Q

Negative correlation

A

The variables go in opposite directions.

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10
Q

Correlation coefficient

A

A number that measures the strength of a relationship. Range is from -1 to +1. The relationship gets weaker the closer you get to zero.

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11
Q

Experimental methods

A

Looking to prove causal relationships. Cause = Effect. Laboratory v. Field Experiments

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12
Q

Hypothesis

A

Expressesa relationship between two variables.

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13
Q

variable

A

is anything that can vary among participants in a study.

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14
Q

Independent variable

A

Whatever is being manipulated in the experiment. Hopefully the independent variable brings about change.

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15
Q

Dependent variable

A

Whateverisbeing measured in the experiment. It is dependent on the independent variable.

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16
Q

Sampling

A

Identify the population you want to study. must be representative of the population you want to study. GET A RANDOM SAMPLE. Stratified Sampling

17
Q

Random assignment

A

Once you have a random sample, randomly assigning them into two groups helps control for confounding variables. Experimental Group v. Control Group. Group Matching

18
Q

Experimenter bias

A

Another confounding variable. Not a conscious act. Double-Blind Procedure.

19
Q

Statistics

A

Recording the results from our studies. Must use a common language so we all know what we are talking about.

20
Q

Descriptive statistics

A

Just describes sets of data. You might create a frequency distribution. Frequency polygons or histograms.

21
Q

Central tendency

A

Mean, Median and Mode. Watch out for extreme scores or outliers.

22
Q

Normal distribution

A

the mean, median and mode are all the same.

Psychology (2 decks)

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