Meterolgoy

Question 1

Most common cause of cloud formation

Answer 1

Adiabatic expansion

Question 2

Stable air clouds

Answer 2

Stratus

Question 3

Unstable air clouds

Answer 3

Cumulus clouds

Question 4

Windward and leeward side of a hill/mountian

Answer 4

Windward is the side the wind is blowing on
Leeward is the side sheltered from the wind

Question 5

Orographic

Answer 5

Air blowing against a hill/mountain and being forced up it. (Can create chinooks on other side of the hill/mountain)

Question 6

Convection

Answer 6

Warm air rising due to heating of the ground by the sun. (Upward movement is convection and downward of air movement is subsidence)

Question 7

Frontal Lift

Answer 7

Warm air pushed up and raising over cold air on a long gradual slope

Question 8

Divisions of the atmosphere

Answer 8

Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

Question 9

Types of pressure areas

Answer 9

Low, high, trough of low, secondary low, col, ridge of high

Question 10

Azimuth

Answer 10

Used to describe the direction of an aircraft in relation to true north

Question 11

Types of turbulence

Answer 11

Mechanical, thermal, frontal, wind shear, clear air turbulence (CAT)

Question 12

Factors to consider for critical surface contamination

Answer 12

Ambient temp, a/c surface temp (including cold soaking), precipitation type and rate, relative humidity, wind direction and velocity, operation in proximity to other a/c, operation on snowy/slushy/wet surfaces, a/c configuration and surface roughness

Question 13

Coriolis Effect/Force

Answer 13

Caused moving air to be deflected to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere

Question 14

Low Pressure Systems

Answer 14

Counterclockwise in northern hemisphere
Know as troughs especially when elongated shape
Rising air and arrival of cloudy WX and precipitation

Question 15

High Pressure System

Answer 15

Clockwise in northern hemisphere
If elongated shape, referred to as a ridge of high pressure
Descending air(subsiding) usually clear wx and gentle wind

Question 16

Cloud coverage

Answer 16

Clear-sky clear below 10,000
SKC-no clouds
Few-clouds greater than 0 up to 2/8
Scattered- between 3/8-4/8
Broken-5/8 up to less than 8/8
Overcast-8/8

Question 17

BR/FG

Answer 17

Mist visibility 5/8 or greater
Fog less than 5/8 visibility

Question 18

Ceiling definition

Answer 18

Height of the base of cloud of the lowest broken or overcast layer

Question 19

Cloud base calculation

Answer 19

Adiabatic lapse rate
Standard 2(1.98)/1000
Dry 3/1000
Saturated 1.5/1000
Dew point 0.5/1000

Cloud base=(temp-dew)/(dry lapse-dew lapse which 3-0.5 so is 2.5)

Question 20

Anabatic/Katabatic

Answer 20

Anabatic (day) wants slopes and creates wind going up the slope

Katabatic (night) slope cools faster and creates wind going down the slope

Question 21

Mountain Waves

Answer 21

Lenticular clouds (also called ACSL, altocumulus standing lenticular)
Cap cloud
Rotor cloud

Clouds may not be present in a mountain wave

Question 22

Fog Types

Answer 22

Radiation Fog-land cool at night, less 5kt wind, cools air and fog results
Advection Fog-land is already cool, warm air blown, air cools and fog. Up to 15kts winds
Frontal Fog-fronts, warm above cooled and rains, rain evaporates in the cool air and makes it cooler and then fog can result when dew point reached
Arctic Sea Smoke-cold air over warm water, saturates air and fog occurs
Upslope Fog-air forced upslope and cools adiabatically and fog occurs

Question 23

Air Masses

Answer 23

cA -continental arctic-dry/cold/stable/low alt
mA-maritime arctic-moist/cold/unstable in lower layers, low alt
mP-maritime polar-moist/unstable throughout,higher level
mT-maritime tropical-moist/hot/very unstable, high alt

Question 24

Microburst/Macroburst

Answer 24

Microburst-less than 2NM horizontal and less than 5min

Macroburst-greater than 2NM horizontal and lasts between 5-20min