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Meteo Flashcards

1
Q

Who creates upper air forecasts

A

The World Area Forecast Centers

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2
Q

How many World Forecast Area centers are there

A
  1. One in Washington and one in London
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3
Q

How do the VAAC (Vulcanic Ash Advisory Centers) send their information?

A

In Warnings in the form of NOTAMs and SIGMETs

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4
Q

Who provides meteorological service in a flight information region?

A

The Meteorological watch office

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5
Q

What kind of messages do MWO’s send out?

A

AIRMETs and SIGMETs

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6
Q

How often does an ARO send out it’s weather information?

A

At least once every hour

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7
Q

What kind of message does an ARO send out?

A

METAR

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8
Q

What is in a METAR?

A

Wind direction / speed
visibility
weather (if any)
clouds
temperature / dewpoint
QNH

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9
Q

With what instrument is wind measured?

A

Anemometer

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10
Q

With what instruments is visibility measured

A

Transmissometer and scattermeter

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11
Q

When is NDV “No directional Variation) mentioned in a METAR?

A

If it is an auto ops in only one dircetion

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12
Q

With what equipment do we measure the weather?

A

Present weather sensor

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13
Q

How is the amount of clouds measured?

A

In octas

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14
Q

How would we call 75% cloud coverage?

A

Broken

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15
Q

How would we call 45% cloud coverage?

A

Scattered

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16
Q

Can we replace the weather and clouds in the following METAR as CAVOK?

EKCH 061420Z 23012kts 9999 OVC060 16/12 Q1007

A

Yes

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17
Q

Can we replace the weather and clouds in the following METAR as CAVOK?

EKCH 061420Z 23012kts 9999 OVC055CB 16/12 Q1007

A

No

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18
Q

Can we replace the weather and clouds in the following METAR as CAVOK?

EKCH 061420Z 23012kts 8000 NCD 16/12 Q1007

A

No

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19
Q

Can we replace the weather and clouds in the following METAR as CAVOK?

EKCH 061420Z 23012kts 9999 NCD 16/12 Q1007

A

Yes

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20
Q

What is the MSA

A

Minimum Sector altitude. Highest obstacle withing 25nM of aerodrome rounded up to the next 100ft + 1000 ft

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21
Q

The highest obstacle in a 25NM radius of an Aerodrome is 914 feet. What would be the MSA?

A

2000 ft

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22
Q

What is the difference between cloud base and cloud ceiling?

A

The cloud base is the lowest of any clouds. The cloud ceiling is from what height at least 50% of the sky is covered in clouds.

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23
Q

Can an Automated Weather Observation System (AWOS) make a full METAR automatically?

A

Yes

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24
Q

On what principle is a wet-and-dry bulb themometer based?

A

Latent heat of water

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25
How are Upper Air observations taken?
With weather balloons, released twice a day at 0000 and 1200 UTC
26
How big is a box in Numerical Weather prediction?
10x10x10 km
27
How atmospheric properties predicted in Numerical weather prediction?
By previously measured interactions betweens cells
28
A meteorological Watch office shall be associated with each?
ATS Unit
29
TWR / APP are associated with what kind of meteorological institution?
Aerodrome meteorological office
30
ACC is associated with what kind of meteorological institution?
Meteorological watch office
31
What is AFTN?
Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network. Worldwide telex for METAR, TAF etc.
32
Do aircraft have acces to the Aeronatical Fixed Telecommunication Network?
No. (It is fixed. Airplanes are not fixed)
33
Name all the layers of our atmosphere from low to high
Troposphere Tropopause Stratosphere Stratopause Mesosphere Mesopause Thermosphere Thermopause Exosphere
34
How is the tropopause defined?
Temperature defined. -56.5 degrees celsius
35
What is the height of the troposphere?
There is no fixed height since it's temperature defined and temperature varies from place to place and day to day
36
What are the three biggest factors that impact air density?
Humidity, altitude and temperature
37
How many of all water in the atmosphere is in the troposphere?
99%
38
What is the height of the troposhpere in ISA?
36090 feet, or 11km
39
How is an air mass defined?
As an area with similar temperature in humidity over the horizontal plane
40
What is the pressure laps rate at 20 000 ft?
1hpa per 50 ft
41
What is the pressure laps rate at 40 000 ft?
1 hPa per 100 ft
42
What is the pressure laps rate at sea level?
1 hPa per 30 ft
43
What is the pressure laps rate in ISA?
1 hPa per 27ft
44
What is the temperature laps rate in ISA?
1.98 degrees per 1000 ft
45
What is the relative humidity in ISA?
0
46
What is the density in ISA?
1.225 kg/m3
47
What is thermal lag?
The delay between the position of the sun and the heating of the earth's surface
48
Name an example of radiation heating
The sun and the earth's surface
49
Name an example of conduction heating
The earth's surface and the first 1000ft of air
50
Name an example of convection heating
The entire atmosphere as a whole
51
What is an inversion?
An increase in temperature with an increase in height
52
What is a lapse rate?
Something decreases with an increase in altitude
53
What is a diurnal variation?
Something that varies according to the day/night circle of earth
54
What is the planetary boundary layer?
The level from which air is not anymore directly heated by the earth's surface
55
During a change in state from water to vapour, latent heat is?
Added
56
During a change in state from water to ice, latent heat is?
Released
57
During a change of state of water, temperature....?
Does not rise nor fall but stays equal
58
If Temperature and dew point are given as the same value, does that mean the relative humidity is 100%?
No, but close to it. Temp can be for example 9,6 and 10,4, both reported as 10.
59
What are the four ways of cooling air below it's dewpoint?
Adiabatic cooling Mixing Conduction Evaporation
60
What is relative humidity?
How much water is in the air compared to how much water could be in the air
61
If temperature increases, Relative humidity?
Decreases
62
If Temperature falls, potential for water in that box of air?
Also falls
63
Why is air less dense when it has a higher relative humidity?
Water vapour is less dense than air
64
Why is the Saturated Adiabatic lapse rate smaller than the Dry Adiabatic Lapse rate?
Because latent heat is released during the condensation of water
65
Why is air adiabatically cooled when it rises?
Because the pressure drops, which means that an equal amount of energy has to be distributed over a bigger volume
66
With a Temperature of 20 degrees and a dewpoint of 10 degrees, at what height will you find the cloud base?
4000 ft
67
When is air called stable?
If it's tendency is to stay in the same place or fall back down to it's original position after an initial disturbance
68
How do air masses get their name?
From a surface where they spend a lot of time and get influenced by
69
Which qualifications for airmasses are there that say something about their water content?
Maritime and Continental
70
Which qualifications for airmasses are there that say something about their temperature?
Arctic, Polar, Tropical and Equatorial
71
Wat voor weerbeeld brengt Polaire maritieme lucht?
Regen, want koud en nat
72
Wat voor weerbeeld brengt Tropisch maritieme lucht?
Klein beetje regen en wolken. Vochtig, maar niet erg instabiel
73
Wat voor weerbeeld brengt tropisch continentaal?
Mooi weer (droog en zon) en kans op heat wave in de zomer
74
Wat voor weerbeeld brengt polaire continentale lucht?
Erg koud, maar weinig of geen neerslag
75
Wat voor weer brengt arctisch maritieme lucht?
Koud en regen
76
Wat is een anticyclone?
Een hogedrukgebied
77
Wat is een ander woord voor cyclone?
Depression
78
Een hoge drukgebied zorgt voor wat voor weerbeeld?
Langzame wind, stabiel weer, matig zicht, radiation fog in de winter en langzame veranderingen in weerbeeld want het wil niet graag verplaatsen.
79
Wat is een front?
Een grens tussen 2 airmasses met andere eigenschappen
80
Wat is de frontline?
Waar het front de grond raakt
81
Hoe snel beweegt een warm front zich?
2/3e van de geostrophische wind
82
Wat is de helling van een warmtefront?
1:150
83
Wat is de helling van een koudefront?
1:50
84
Wat doen dewpoint en temp als een front voorbij is?
Blijven steady
85
Wat zijn de voortekenen van een aankomend warmtefront?
Luchtdruk daalt, temperatuur stijgt, wolken worden steeds lager en een continue regen kan beginnen
86
Wat is het weerbeeld als een warmtefront over komt?
Druk steady of blijft dalen, Temp en DP stijgen, Lage wolken met regen, slecht zicht.
87
Wat is het weerbeeld van een aankomend koudefront?
Wind wordt snel sterker, dalende druk, steady temperatuur en regen neemt toe door instability
88
Wat is het weerbeeld van een overtrekkend koudefront?
Wind ruimt en neemt toe, druk neemt snel toe, Temperatuur en DP dalen snel, veel en heftige regen. Hoe heftiger de instabiliteit, hoe groter de kans op onweersbuien
89
Waarom daalt de luchtdruk bij een aankomend warmtefront?
Warme lucht vult de bovenste luchtlagen en warme lucht heeft een lagere dichtheid
90
Waarom stijgt de luchtdruk bij een passerend koudefront?
Koude lucht vervangt de warme lucht en koude lucht heeft een veel grotere dichtheid.
91
Wat is het verschil tussen een koude en een warme occlusion?
De occlusions worden genoemd naar de airmass die als laatste over komt. In een cold occlusion komt de koudste lucht als laatst. In een warm occlusion komt de koudste lucht als eerst. In beide gevallen licht de warmste lucht als een duvet boven beide koude airmasses.
92
Wat voor soort wolken worden geassocieerd met een warmtefront?
Strati-form wolken. Cirrus, Cirrostratus, Altostratus en Stratus.
93
Hoe lang duurt de growing stage van een CB?
30min
94
Hoe lang duurt de mature stage van een CB?
60min
95
Waardoor worden cumulus-vorm wolken voornamelijk gevormd?
Convection of frontal lifting
96
Tot welke hoogte zal je stratus of cumulus wolken zien?
6500 voet
97
Vanaf welke hoogte worden alto- wolken gevonden?
6500 voet
98
Vanaf welke hoogte worden cirrus- wolken gevonden?
Vanaf 18000 of 23000 voet afhankelijk van welk boek je kijkt
99
Wat is het kenmerk van strati-form wolken op medium en hoog niveau?
Ze zijn meer een mist of sluier dan een echte wolk.
100
Kan je ijs vinden in lage wolken?
Nee
101
In welke wolken-hoogte categorie vindt je zowel ijs als water?
Medium hoge wolken

Basic ATCO theory (1 decks)

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