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Basic ATCO theory > Meteo > Flashcards

Meteo Flashcards

1
Q

Who creates upper air forecasts

A

The World Area Forecast Centers

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2
Q

How many World Forecast Area centers are there

A
  1. One in Washington and one in London
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3
Q

How do the VAAC (Vulcanic Ash Advisory Centers) send their information?

A

In Warnings in the form of NOTAMs and SIGMETs

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4
Q

Who provides meteorological service in a flight information region?

A

The Meteorological watch office

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5
Q

What kind of messages do MWO’s send out?

A

AIRMETs and SIGMETs

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6
Q

How often does an ARO send out it’s weather information?

A

At least once every hour

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7
Q

What kind of message does an ARO send out?

A

METAR

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8
Q

What is in a METAR?

A

Wind direction / speed
visibility
weather (if any)
clouds
temperature / dewpoint
QNH

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9
Q

With what instrument is wind measured?

A

Anemometer

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10
Q

With what instruments is visibility measured

A

Transmissometer and scattermeter

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11
Q

When is NDV “No directional Variation) mentioned in a METAR?

A

If it is an auto ops in only one dircetion

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12
Q

With what equipment do we measure the weather?

A

Present weather sensor

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13
Q

How is the amount of clouds measured?

A

In octas

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14
Q

How would we call 75% cloud coverage?

A

Broken

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15
Q

How would we call 45% cloud coverage?

A

Scattered

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16
Q

Can we replace the weather and clouds in the following METAR as CAVOK?

EKCH 061420Z 23012kts 9999 OVC060 16/12 Q1007

A

Yes

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17
Q

Can we replace the weather and clouds in the following METAR as CAVOK?

EKCH 061420Z 23012kts 9999 OVC055CB 16/12 Q1007

A

No

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18
Q

Can we replace the weather and clouds in the following METAR as CAVOK?

EKCH 061420Z 23012kts 8000 NCD 16/12 Q1007

A

No

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19
Q

Can we replace the weather and clouds in the following METAR as CAVOK?

EKCH 061420Z 23012kts 9999 NCD 16/12 Q1007

A

Yes

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20
Q

What is the MSA

A

Minimum Sector altitude. Highest obstacle withing 25nM of aerodrome rounded up to the next 100ft + 1000 ft

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21
Q

The highest obstacle in a 25NM radius of an Aerodrome is 914 feet. What would be the MSA?

A

2000 ft

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22
Q

What is the difference between cloud base and cloud ceiling?

A

The cloud base is the lowest of any clouds. The cloud ceiling is from what height at least 50% of the sky is covered in clouds.

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23
Q

Can an Automated Weather Observation System (AWOS) make a full METAR automatically?

A

Yes

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24
Q

On what principle is a wet-and-dry bulb themometer based?

A

Latent heat of water

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25
Q

How are Upper Air observations taken?

A

With weather balloons, released twice a day at 0000 and 1200 UTC

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26
Q

How big is a box in Numerical Weather prediction?

A

10x10x10 km

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27
Q

How atmospheric properties predicted in Numerical weather prediction?

A

By previously measured interactions betweens cells

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28
Q

A meteorological Watch office shall be associated with each?

A

ATS Unit

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29
Q

TWR / APP are associated with what kind of meteorological institution?

A

Aerodrome meteorological office

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30
Q

ACC is associated with what kind of meteorological institution?

A

Meteorological watch office

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31
Q

What is AFTN?

A

Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network. Worldwide telex for METAR, TAF etc.

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32
Q

Do aircraft have acces to the Aeronatical Fixed Telecommunication Network?

A

No. (It is fixed. Airplanes are not fixed)

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33
Q

Name all the layers of our atmosphere from low to high

A

Troposphere
Tropopause
Stratosphere
Stratopause
Mesosphere
Mesopause
Thermosphere
Thermopause
Exosphere

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34
Q

How is the tropopause defined?

A

Temperature defined. -56.5 degrees celsius

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35
Q

What is the height of the troposphere?

A

There is no fixed height since it’s temperature defined and temperature varies from place to place and day to day

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36
Q

What are the three biggest factors that impact air density?

A

Humidity, altitude and temperature

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37
Q

How many of all water in the atmosphere is in the troposphere?

A

99%

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38
Q

What is the height of the troposhpere in ISA?

A

36090 feet, or 11km

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39
Q

How is an air mass defined?

A

As an area with similar temperature in humidity over the horizontal plane

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40
Q

What is the pressure laps rate at 20 000 ft?

A

1hpa per 50 ft

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41
Q

What is the pressure laps rate at 40 000 ft?

A

1 hPa per 100 ft

42
Q

What is the pressure laps rate at sea level?

A

1 hPa per 30 ft

43
Q

What is the pressure laps rate in ISA?

A

1 hPa per 27ft

44
Q

What is the temperature laps rate in ISA?

A

1.98 degrees per 1000 ft

45
Q

What is the relative humidity in ISA?

A

0

46
Q

What is the density in ISA?

A

1.225 kg/m3

47
Q

What is thermal lag?

A

The delay between the position of the sun and the heating of the earth’s surface

48
Q

Name an example of radiation heating

A

The sun and the earth’s surface

49
Q

Name an example of conduction heating

A

The earth’s surface and the first 1000ft of air

50
Q

Name an example of convection heating

A

The entire atmosphere as a whole

51
Q

What is an inversion?

A

An increase in temperature with an increase in height

52
Q

What is a lapse rate?

A

Something decreases with an increase in altitude

53
Q

What is a diurnal variation?

A

Something that varies according to the day/night circle of earth

54
Q

What is the planetary boundary layer?

A

The level from which air is not anymore directly heated by the earth’s surface

55
Q

During a change in state from water to vapour, latent heat is?

A

Added

56
Q

During a change in state from water to ice, latent heat is?

A

Released

57
Q

During a change of state of water, temperature….?

A

Does not rise nor fall but stays equal

58
Q

If Temperature and dew point are given as the same value, does that mean the relative humidity is 100%?

A

No, but close to it. Temp can be for example 9,6 and 10,4, both reported as 10.

59
Q

What are the four ways of cooling air below it’s dewpoint?

A

Adiabatic cooling
Mixing
Conduction
Evaporation

60
Q

What is relative humidity?

A

How much water is in the air compared to how much water could be in the air

61
Q

If temperature increases, Relative humidity?

A

Decreases

62
Q

If Temperature falls, potential for water in that box of air?

A

Also falls

63
Q

Why is air less dense when it has a higher relative humidity?

A

Water vapour is less dense than air

64
Q

Why is the Saturated Adiabatic lapse rate smaller than the Dry Adiabatic Lapse rate?

A

Because latent heat is released during the condensation of water

65
Q

Why is air adiabatically cooled when it rises?

A

Because the pressure drops, which means that an equal amount of energy has to be distributed over a bigger volume

66
Q

With a Temperature of 20 degrees and a dewpoint of 10 degrees, at what height will you find the cloud base?

A

4000 ft

67
Q

When is air called stable?

A

If it’s tendency is to stay in the same place or fall back down to it’s original position after an initial disturbance

68
Q

How do air masses get their name?

A

From a surface where they spend a lot of time and get influenced by

69
Q

Which qualifications for airmasses are there that say something about their water content?

A

Maritime and Continental

70
Q

Which qualifications for airmasses are there that say something about their temperature?

A

Arctic, Polar, Tropical and Equatorial

71
Q

Wat voor weerbeeld brengt Polaire maritieme lucht?

A

Regen, want koud en nat

72
Q

Wat voor weerbeeld brengt Tropisch maritieme lucht?

A

Klein beetje regen en wolken. Vochtig, maar niet erg instabiel

73
Q

Wat voor weerbeeld brengt tropisch continentaal?

A

Mooi weer (droog en zon) en kans op heat wave in de zomer

74
Q

Wat voor weerbeeld brengt polaire continentale lucht?

A

Erg koud, maar weinig of geen neerslag

75
Q

Wat voor weer brengt arctisch maritieme lucht?

A

Koud en regen

76
Q

Wat is een anticyclone?

A

Een hogedrukgebied

77
Q

Wat is een ander woord voor cyclone?

A

Depression

78
Q

Een hoge drukgebied zorgt voor wat voor weerbeeld?

A

Langzame wind, stabiel weer, matig zicht, radiation fog in de winter en langzame veranderingen in weerbeeld want het wil niet graag verplaatsen.

79
Q

Wat is een front?

A

Een grens tussen 2 airmasses met andere eigenschappen

80
Q

Wat is de frontline?

A

Waar het front de grond raakt

81
Q

Hoe snel beweegt een warm front zich?

A

2/3e van de geostrophische wind

82
Q

Wat is de helling van een warmtefront?

A

1:150

83
Q

Wat is de helling van een koudefront?

A

1:50

84
Q

Wat doen dewpoint en temp als een front voorbij is?

A

Blijven steady

85
Q

Wat zijn de voortekenen van een aankomend warmtefront?

A

Luchtdruk daalt, temperatuur stijgt, wolken worden steeds lager en een continue regen kan beginnen

86
Q

Wat is het weerbeeld als een warmtefront over komt?

A

Druk steady of blijft dalen, Temp en DP stijgen, Lage wolken met regen, slecht zicht.

87
Q

Wat is het weerbeeld van een aankomend koudefront?

A

Wind wordt snel sterker, dalende druk, steady temperatuur en regen neemt toe door instability

88
Q

Wat is het weerbeeld van een overtrekkend koudefront?

A

Wind ruimt en neemt toe, druk neemt snel toe, Temperatuur en DP dalen snel, veel en heftige regen. Hoe heftiger de instabiliteit, hoe groter de kans op onweersbuien

89
Q

Waarom daalt de luchtdruk bij een aankomend warmtefront?

A

Warme lucht vult de bovenste luchtlagen en warme lucht heeft een lagere dichtheid

90
Q

Waarom stijgt de luchtdruk bij een passerend koudefront?

A

Koude lucht vervangt de warme lucht en koude lucht heeft een veel grotere dichtheid.

91
Q

Wat is het verschil tussen een koude en een warme occlusion?

A

De occlusions worden genoemd naar de airmass die als laatste over komt. In een cold occlusion komt de koudste lucht als laatst. In een warm occlusion komt de koudste lucht als eerst. In beide gevallen licht de warmste lucht als een duvet boven beide koude airmasses.

92
Q

Wat voor soort wolken worden geassocieerd met een warmtefront?

A

Strati-form wolken. Cirrus, Cirrostratus, Altostratus en Stratus.

93
Q

Hoe lang duurt de growing stage van een CB?

A

30min

94
Q

Hoe lang duurt de mature stage van een CB?

A

60min

95
Q

Waardoor worden cumulus-vorm wolken voornamelijk gevormd?

A

Convection of frontal lifting

96
Q

Tot welke hoogte zal je stratus of cumulus wolken zien?

A

6500 voet

97
Q

Vanaf welke hoogte worden alto- wolken gevonden?

A

6500 voet

98
Q

Vanaf welke hoogte worden cirrus- wolken gevonden?

A

Vanaf 18000 of 23000 voet afhankelijk van welk boek je kijkt

99
Q

Wat is het kenmerk van strati-form wolken op medium en hoog niveau?

A

Ze zijn meer een mist of sluier dan een echte wolk.

100
Q

Kan je ijs vinden in lage wolken?

A

Nee

101
Q

In welke wolken-hoogte categorie vindt je zowel ijs als water?

A

Medium hoge wolken

Basic ATCO theory (1 decks)

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