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Molecular Oncology > Metastasis > Flashcards

Metastasis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 stages of metastasis?

A

Local invasion, intravasion, survival in circulation, extravasion into parenchyma of distant organ, adaptation to new environment and outgrowth of new tumours.

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2
Q

What are two tumour metastasis models?

A

Linear and parallel

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3
Q

What are the epithelial cell markers?

A

E-cadherin, Claudin and occludin.

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4
Q

What are mesenchymal cell markers?

A

N-cadherin, vimentin and fibronectin.

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5
Q

What are epithelial cell characteristics?

A

Cobblestoned, non-motile/invasive.

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6
Q

What are mesenchymal cell characteristics?

A

Elongated, motile, invasive.

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7
Q

What is EMT?

A

Epithelial mesenchymal transition

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8
Q

What drives EMT?

A

Regulators of epithelial cells: TWIST, SNAI1 and SANI1.

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9
Q

What does MMP-3 do in EMT?

A

Cleaves E-Cadherin

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10
Q

What happens to E-Cadherin in EMT and what does that cause?

A

Down regulated leading to less cell connectivity and tight junctions. Increases metastasis.

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11
Q

What factors allow tumour to break through epithelium?

A

EREG and PTGS2

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12
Q

What does ANGPTL4 do?

A

Dissciates vascular endothelial cell-cell junctions.

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13
Q

What does PTHRP do?

A

Enables osteolytic metastases into bones.

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14
Q

Whats are TAMs?

A

Tumour associated macrophages. Increase metastases.

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15
Q

Do all patients have metastatic tumours?

A

No some have micro-metastases because they cannot adapt to new environment.

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16
Q

What happen after removal of primary tumour?

A

Increases in metastatic tumour activity because the primary tumour was secreting suppressor factors to keep micro-metastases dormant.

17
Q

What suppressor factors can primary tumours secrete?

A

KAI1, RhoGDIs, JNK and p38.

18
Q

What does KAI1 do?

A

Modulatesintegrin and growth receptor signalling.Modulates adhesion and migration.

19
Q

What does RhoGDIs do?

A

Negatively regulates MMP2 and MMP9 ECM regulators.

20
Q

Why cant micro-metastases form tumours in other organs?

A

Do not have all hallmarks of cancer. Often cannot undergo angiogenesis.

21
Q

What do JNK and p38 do?

A

Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to stress signals.

22
Q

What do ID1 and ID3 do?

A

Increase metastatic growth, unknown why.

Molecular Oncology (1 decks)

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