Metastasis

Question 1

Basement membranes

Answer 1

-Well-defined boundaries of organs
-made up of extracellular matrix proteins

Question 2

Structure of basement membranes

Answer 2

Extracellular matrix
-Laminins
-Type IV Collagen
-Proteoglycans

Question 3

Metastasis starts…

Answer 3

when the tumor breaks through the basement membrane to start migrating and spreading

Question 4

Fundamental difference between benign and malignant tumors

Answer 4

Metastasis

Question 5

Metastasis problems

Answer 5

-major clinical problem with cancer
-primary tumor can be surgically removed but metastases make surgery impossible or unsuccessful

Question 6

Metastases definition

Answer 6

Small and numerous tumors that originate from primary tumor in cancer

Question 7

By time of diagnosis

Answer 7

many solid tumors have already metastasized

Question 8

Metastasis results

Answer 8

-physical disruption,
-competition with normal cells for nutrients and oxygen
-invasion and interference with organ function

Question 9

Organotropism

Answer 9

-when specific cancers metastasize to particular sites
-Related to blood flow

Question 10

How many metastasizing cell are able to establish a metastatic lesion?

Answer 10

1 in 10,000

Question 11

How do metastases spread?

Answer 11

1) Monoclonal linear
2)monoclonal branched
3)polyclonal linear
4)polyclonal branched
5)cross-seeding

Question 12

Monoclonal

Answer 12

seeded by one subclone/cell

Question 13

Polyclonal

Answer 13

seeded by two or more subclones/cells

Question 14

Cross seeding

Answer 14

new metastases that arise from subclones of other metastases

Question 15

The Metastatic Cascade

Answer 15

Begins with movement of cells from the primary tumor to a secondary tumor or metastases via the bloodstream