metaphysics and consciousness

Question 1

philosophical area concerned with fundamental questions about reality

Answer 1

metaphysics

Question 2

principle to eliminate unnecessary entities and explanatory principles

Answer 2

Ockham’s razor

Question 3

belief in ‘stuff’ underlying observable characteristics

Answer 3

metaphysical substance

Question 4

position claiming one kind of reality exists

Answer 4

metaphysical monism

Question 5

position claiming exactly two kinds of reality exist

Answer 5

metaphysical dualism

Question 6

believed in the distinction between mind and body, i can doubt my body but i cannot doubt my mind so my mind must be distinct from my body

Answer 6

descartes

Question 7

belief that mind and brain do communicate

Answer 7

interactionism

Question 8

believe ‘mind’ is brain activity

Answer 8

physicalists

Question 9

challenge in explaining mind-body problem

Answer 9

problem with dualism

Question 10

one reason supporting belief in physicalism

Answer 10

scientific progress

Question 11

evidence used for physicalism

Answer 11

Phineas gage

Question 12

create neural activity corresponding to distinguishable colors

Answer 12

electrical signals

Question 13

view that mind is what the brain or any system like the brain does

Answer 13

functionalism

Question 14

emphasizes importance of what consciousness does

Answer 14

functionalism theory

Question 15

belief in different things playing same role in systems

Answer 15

multiple realizability

Question 16

determines computer intelligence based on human conversation

Answer 16

turing test

Question 17

ability to form representations of oneself

Answer 17

self awareness

Question 18

concerned with understanding brain function

Answer 18

easy problem of consciousness

Question 19

addresses why the brain experiences consciousness

Answer 19

hard problem of consciousness

Question 20

subjective feeling in conscious experiences

Answer 20

qualia

Question 21

study of being

Answer 21

ontology

Question 22

moore’s law

Answer 22

empirical observation: technology doubles every two years

Question 23

functionalism

Answer 23

posits that mental states are characterized by their relationship to inputs, outputs, and other mental states

Question 24

singularity

Answer 24

a supposed time in the future when human intellect and machine intellect will be at the same level

Question 25

“problem of other minds”

Answer 25

the challenge of justifying the belief that others besides oneself possess minds and conscious experiences

Question 26

machine learning

Answer 26

allows a computer to build a model based on sample data in order to make predictions without being programmed to do so

Question 27

self awareness

Answer 27

the conscious recognition and understanding of one’s own thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and motivations

Question 28

turing test

Answer 28

method used to assess a machine’s ability to exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from that of a human

Question 29

loebner prize

Answer 29

annual competition inspired by the conversational abilities of artificial intelligence programs

Question 30

the mark test

Answer 30

behavioral experiment used to assess self-awareness in animals