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Philosophy > Metaphysics > Flashcards

Metaphysics Flashcards

1
Q

Who were the Milesians and what did they believe in?

A

A group of philosophy which believes that change and permanence seemed a feature of Nature. Change was only apparent.

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2
Q

What was Heraclitus’ famous quote in regards to metaphysics?

A

“You cannot step into the same river twice.”

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3
Q

What did Heraclitus believe?

A

Change was the only reality.

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4
Q

What was Parmenides famous quote?

A

“Being is, non-being is not.”

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5
Q

What did Parmenides believe in?

A

Being is a permanent, unchanging part of reality.

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6
Q

What did Plato believe in regards to metaphysics?

A

That human beings belong to both the real and apparent world. We also possess a soul which directs our activities.

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7
Q

What did Epicurus believe in?

A

Epicurus believed that the world was composed of atoms and empty space. (“Atom”-“that which can not be divided”) The human mind is composed of soul atoms.

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8
Q

What did Aristotle write?

A

Physics and Metaphysics.

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9
Q

What does metaphysics mean?

A

Metaphysics means “after the physics.”

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10
Q

What are Aristotle’s four principles of cause?

A

1) Material cause - what is it that changes?
2) Formal cause - what does it change to?
3) Efficient cause - what makes the change?
4) Final cause - for what reason does it change?

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11
Q

What did reality consist of for Descartes?

A

God, the mind and matter.

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12
Q

What did Descartes write?

A

Principles of Philosophy.

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13
Q

Who wrote/said, “…things can exist only by the help of God.”

A

Descartes.

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14
Q

What is Cartesian Dualism and who created it?

A

Cartesian dualism is the relationship between the mind and body, created by Descartes.

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15
Q

What did Hobbes believe in?

A

That the physical world and the mental world are all materialistic.

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16
Q

What is a Monad and who created this concept?

A

A monad is a complete reproduction of the world. This concept was created by Leibniz.

17
Q

What are the two realities according to Locke?

A

The only real existences we can know with any real certainty are God and ourselves.

18
Q

What are the only two metaphysics theories according to Johann Fichte?

A

Idealism (reality in terms of mental causes) and materialism (reality in terms of physical causes)

19
Q

What three truths exist according to Augustinian Thought?

A

1) Freedom of the will
2) Immortality of the soul
3) The existence of God

20
Q

Who wrote the “Just War Doctrine?”

A

The catholic church

21
Q

What reason does Augustine give for stealing the pear from the pear tree?

A

The pleasure from committing the crime.

22
Q

According to Augustine every sin results in which two punishments?

A

Ignorance and difficulty.

23
Q

What is metaphysics?

A

The study of the most fundamental principles of the nature of things.

24
Q

What is free will?

A

The freedom of humans beings to create their own destiny.

25
Q

What is determinism?

A

The future is pre-determined and already set. This conflicts with the idea of free will.

26
Q

What is idealism?

A

The theory that everything in the universe is either minds or else ideas in minds.

27
Q

What is materialism?

A

The theory that everything in the universe is matter.

28
Q

What is Psycho-Physical Dualism?

A

The theory that minds are one kind of substance and bodies are another. This can also be referred to as dualism.

29
Q

What is Augustine’s first level of the soul?

A

The soul gives life to this earth- and death- bound body.

30
Q

What is Augustine’s second level of the soul?

A

The power of the soul in the senses.

31
Q

What is Augustine’s Third Level of the Soul?

A

Memory

32
Q

What is Augustine’s Fourth Level of the Soul?

A

Virtue and fear of death.

33
Q

What is Augustine’s Fifth Level of the Soul?

A

The activity by which the soul restores a pure state.

34
Q

What is Augustine’s Sixth Level of the Soul?

A

Desire to understand truth and perfection, the souls’ highest vision; intellectual vision.

35
Q

What is Augustine’s Seventh Level of the Soul?

A

We are the very vision and contemplation of truth; we come by God’s power and wisdom to that supreme cause or that supreme author or supreme principle of all things

36
Q

What did Augustine say about the soul?

A

“It seems to me to be a special substance, endowed by reason, adapted to rule the body.”

Philosophy (1 decks)

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