Metaphysics

Question 1

Basic question of metaphysics

Answer 1

What is real?

Question 2

Ontology

Answer 2

Studies area of metaphysics on nature of being and reality

Question 3

Idealism

Answer 3

Reality is mental, intelligent or thought-like

Question 4

Materialism

Answer 4

Realty consists of matter

Question 5

Monism

Answer 5

Reality is one unified all-encompassing thing (neither material or mental)

Question 6

Dualism

Answer 6

Reality consists of mind and matter

Question 7

Descartes and dualism

Answer 7

Reality consists of two fundamentally different substances, mind and matter that interact

Question 8

Property dualism

Answer 8

Matter creates physical and mental properties

Question 9

Form and essence

Answer 9

Idea that nothing takes up its supposed nature but rather we see its essence
E.g. A sphere is never a perfect sphere but rather the essence of one

Question 10

Lao Tzu

Answer 10

Taoism - Tao is the central pillar, considered the fundamental principle of the universe - everything comes from it but it itself is not a thing
Human reason is incapable of grasping the ultimate nature of reality - language is also inadequate
Everything is in flux/changing but it is not disorderly - nothing is ever full formed and nothing maintains its full strength forever