Metaparadigms and nursing theory

Question 1

What is the unifying force in a disciple that names the phenomena of cancer to that discipline?

Answer 1

Metaparadigms

Question 2

What provides a foundation for holistic care for the patient?

Answer 2

The 4 metaparadigms

Question 3

Name 3 things that the metapardigm concepts in nursing do?

Answer 3

1. provide the boundaries and limitations of a discipline
2. Identify the common viewpoint of members in the discipline
3. helps to focus the activities of the members of that discipline

Question 4

What does the medicine meta paradigm focus on?

Answer 4

pathophysiology and curing of the disease

Question 5

What does the nursing metaparadigm focus on?

Answer 5

the person health, and environment

Question 6

How are the medicine and nursing metaparadigms different?

Answer 6

Medical focuses soley on the disease (only physical)
Nursing focuses on the patient’s overall health including mental

Question 7

What are the 4 nursing meataparadigms?

Answer 7

person
health
environment
nursing

Question 8

In the nursing metapardigms, what does the person metapradigm include?

Answer 8

It focuses on the Patient as the recipient of care (spirituality, culture, family, friends, socioeconomic status)

Question 9

In nursing, what does the environment metaparadigm include?

Answer 9

It focuses both on external and internal factors
(how the patient interacts with visitors and their surrounings)

Question 10

In nursing, what does the health metapardigm stand for?

Answer 10

It refers the the overall quality and wellness of the patient.
(Does the patient have access to medical care?)

Question 11

In nursing, what does the nursing meta paradigm refer to?

Answer 11

It refers to the nurse and how he or she will apply their knowledge and skills when caring for patients

Question 12

What is a set of concepts and propositions that provide an orderly way of viewing a phenomena?

Answer 12

theory

Question 13

What are the 2 requirements in a theory?

Answer 13

concepts
propositions

Question 14

What is a term or label that describes a phenomena, an observable fact that can be perceived through the senses and explained?

Answer 14

Concept

Question 15

What is a statement that proposes a relationahip between concepts?

Answer 15

proposition

Question 16

What is the significance of the nursing theory?

Answer 16

1. It provides a framework for thought (structure)
2. It provides a guide for our thinking and actions in assisting patients improve
3. It provides autonomy by defining the unique contribution of nursing in client care.
4. It provides direction for planning and measuring patient outcomes
5. It is necessary for the development and evolution of nursing

Question 17

What are the 4 selected nursing theories?

Answer 17

1. Orem
2. Roy
3. Watson
4. King

Question 18

What does Orem’s theory focus on?

Answer 18

self-care

Question 19

What does Orem teach about self-care?

Answer 19

It is a learned behavior and a deliberate action in response to a need

Question 20

What are the 3 categories of self-care requisites?
(Orem)

Answer 20

Universal self-care requisites
Developmental requisites
health- deviation self-care requisites

Question 21

According to Orem’s theory, when is nursing care needed?

Answer 21

when people are unable to meet their own self-care needs

Question 22

According to Orem’s theory, what determines the need for nursing care?

Answer 22

self-care deficits

Question 23

According to Orem, what is the nurses job?

Answer 23

If a deficit exists, the nurse plans care that identifies what is to be done by whom: nurse, client, other

Question 24

What ate the 3 types of Orem’s nursing systems?

Answer 24

Wholly compensatory
Partly compensatory
Supportive-educative

Question 25

Which type of Orem's nursing system is it when a nurse suppors and protects the client?

Answer 25

Wholly compensatory

Question 26

Which type of Orem's nursing theory is it when both the nurse and patient perform care measures?

Answer 26

partly compensatory

Question 27

Which type of Oem's nursing theory is it when the nurses actions are to help clients develop their own self-care abilities through knowledge, support, and encouragement?

Answer 27

Supportive-educative

Question 28

How does Orem define a person in the nursing paradigm?

Answer 28

a person under the care of a nurse with universal, developmental, and capable of self-care

Question 29

How does Orem define health in the nursing paradigm?

Answer 29

A state characterized by soundness or wholeness of developed human structures and of bodily and mental functioning

Question 30

How does Orem define environment?

Answer 30

the physical, chemical, biologic, and social contexts withing which human beings exist.

Question 31

How does Orem define nursing?

Answer 31

therapeutic self-care designed to supplement self-care requisites

Question 32

What does Roy's nursing theory focus on?

Answer 32

Adaptation

Question 33

How did Roy define a person?

Answer 33

An adaptive system in constant interaction with a changing internal and external environment has coping mechanisms

Question 34

How does the Roy adaption model define environment?

Answer 34

The world around and within It includes all conditions, circumstances, and influences that surround and affect the development and behavior of the person

Question 35

What are the coping mechanism of a person called according to the Roy Adaptation model

Answer 35

regulator or cognator subsystem

Question 36

What functions through the autonomic nervous system to respond automatically through neural, chemical , and endorcrine coping processes? (Roy adaptation model)

Answer 36

Regulator subsystem

Question 37

What enables the person to respond to stimuli through processing stimuli, learning, judgment, and emotion? (Roy)

Answer 37

cognator subsystem

Question 38

The environmental stimuli in the environment can be classified as what 3 things? (Roy)

Answer 38

focal, residual, or contextual

Question 39

Can either the regulator and cognator subsystems be observed directly?

Answer 39

No, only their responses are observable

Question 40

Roy categorized responses from the regularory and cognator subsystem into what 4 adaptive models?

Answer 40

physiologic self-concept role-cuntion independence

Question 41

According to Roy, what is the goal of nursing?

Answer 41

to promote adaptation for individuals and groups

Question 42

What is the role of a nurse according to Roy?

Answer 42

to alter the environment when the person is not adapting well or has ineffective coping responses

Question 43

What does Watson's theory of nursing focus on?

Answer 43

human caring (caring is seperate from curing)

Question 44

According to Watson, what does health refer to?

Answer 44

the unity and harmony within the mind, body, and soul

Question 45

According to Watson, what is a nurses role?

Answer 45

To provide a holistic approach with patients, one which is structured around the mind, body, and soul.

Question 46

According to Watson, what type of care should the patients receive?

Answer 46

Individualized care focusing on mind, body, and soul because every individual is unique and has their own unpredictable set of needs

Question 47

What is the essence of nursing and the most central and unifying focus of nursing? (Watson)

Answer 47

caring about each individual and helping them maintain harmony among mind, body, and soul

Question 48

According to Watson, what are some important things to do for the patient to ensure harmony for them?

Answer 48

Try to create a home-like environment, Manage noise, lighting, and scent to promote the healing process Allow access to nature to provide a therapeutic environment

Question 49

What does Watson say a person is?

Answer 49

a unity of min-body-spirit

Question 50

How does Watson define health?

Answer 50

harmony, wholeness, and comfort

Question 51

How does Watson define environment?

Answer 51

a healing space

Question 52

How does Watson define nursing?

Answer 52

the interpersonal system interactions in the nurse-client relationship

Question 53

What does King's theory of nursing focus on?

Answer 53

interacting systems framework & theory of goal attainment

Question 54

What are the 3 levels of dynamic systems according to King?

Answer 54

1. Personal system (body image, perception, growth & development) 2. Interpersonal system (role, communication) 3. Social system (health care system

Question 55

How does King define outcomes in nursing?

Answer 55

Outcomes are defined in terms of goals obtained from the nurse- client perception of each other and their interactions

Question 56

Is mutual goal setting important in King's nursing theory?

Answer 56

yes. If nurses with special knowledge and skills communicate appropriate information to clients, mutual goal setting and goal attainment will occur.

Question 57

When can King's theory be implemented in the nursing process?

Answer 57

1. assessment (focus on perception of nurse & client; communication) 2. planning (focus on identity goals with client) 3. implementation (focus on transaction made) 4. evaluation (focus on goals attained)

Question 58

How does King define a person?

Answer 58

a personal system that interacts with interpersonal & social systems

Question 59

What is health according to King's theory of nursing?

Answer 59

continuous adjustment to stressosr in the internal & external environment through oprimum use of ones resources

Question 60

What is nursing according to King?

Answer 60

the interaction with a client towards a goal (goal attainment)