Metaparadigms and nursing theory Flashcards
What is the unifying force in a disciple that names the phenomena of cancer to that discipline?
Metaparadigms
What provides a foundation for holistic care for the patient?
The 4 metaparadigms
Name 3 things that the metapardigm concepts in nursing do?
- provide the boundaries and limitations of a discipline
- Identify the common viewpoint of members in the discipline
- helps to focus the activities of the members of that discipline
What does the medicine meta paradigm focus on?
pathophysiology and curing of the disease
What does the nursing metaparadigm focus on?
the person health, and environment
How are the medicine and nursing metaparadigms different?
Medical focuses soley on the disease (only physical)
Nursing focuses on the patient’s overall health including mental
What are the 4 nursing meataparadigms?
person
health
environment
nursing
In the nursing metapardigms, what does the person metapradigm include?
It focuses on the Patient as the recipient of care (spirituality, culture, family, friends, socioeconomic status)
In nursing, what does the environment metaparadigm include?
It focuses both on external and internal factors
(how the patient interacts with visitors and their surrounings)
In nursing, what does the health metapardigm stand for?
It refers the the overall quality and wellness of the patient.
(Does the patient have access to medical care?)
In nursing, what does the nursing meta paradigm refer to?
It refers to the nurse and how he or she will apply their knowledge and skills when caring for patients
What is a set of concepts and propositions that provide an orderly way of viewing a phenomena?
theory
What are the 2 requirements in a theory?
concepts
propositions
What is a term or label that describes a phenomena, an observable fact that can be perceived through the senses and explained?
Concept
What is a statement that proposes a relationahip between concepts?
proposition
What is the significance of the nursing theory?
- It provides a framework for thought (structure)
- It provides a guide for our thinking and actions in assisting patients improve
- It provides autonomy by defining the unique contribution of nursing in client care.
- It provides direction for planning and measuring patient outcomes
- It is necessary for the development and evolution of nursing
What are the 4 selected nursing theories?
- Orem
- Roy
- Watson
- King
What does Orem’s theory focus on?
self-care
What does Orem teach about self-care?
It is a learned behavior and a deliberate action in response to a need
What are the 3 categories of self-care requisites?
(Orem)
Universal self-care requisites
Developmental requisites
health- deviation self-care requisites
According to Orem’s theory, when is nursing care needed?
when people are unable to meet their own self-care needs
According to Orem’s theory, what determines the need for nursing care?
self-care deficits
According to Orem, what is the nurses job?
If a deficit exists, the nurse plans care that identifies what is to be done by whom: nurse, client, other
What ate the 3 types of Orem’s nursing systems?
Wholly compensatory
Partly compensatory
Supportive-educative
Which type of Orem’s nursing system is it when a nurse suppors and protects the client?
Wholly compensatory
Which type of Orem’s nursing theory is it when both the nurse and patient perform care measures?
partly compensatory
Which type of Oem’s nursing theory is it when the nurses actions are to help clients develop their own self-care abilities through knowledge, support, and encouragement?
Supportive-educative
How does Orem define a person in the nursing paradigm?
a person under the care of a nurse with universal, developmental, and capable of self-care
How does Orem define health in the nursing paradigm?
A state characterized by soundness or wholeness of developed human structures and of bodily and mental functioning
How does Orem define environment?
the physical, chemical, biologic, and social contexts withing which human beings exist.
How does Orem define nursing?
therapeutic self-care designed to supplement self-care requisites
What does Roy’s nursing theory focus on?
Adaptation
How did Roy define a person?
An adaptive system in constant interaction with a changing internal and external environment
has coping mechanisms
How does the Roy adaption model define environment?
The world around and within
It includes all conditions, circumstances, and influences that surround and affect the development and behavior of the person
What are the coping mechanism of a person called according to the Roy Adaptation model
regulator or cognator subsystem
What functions through the autonomic nervous system to respond automatically through neural, chemical , and endorcrine coping processes?
(Roy adaptation model)
Regulator subsystem
What enables the person to respond to stimuli through processing stimuli, learning, judgment, and emotion?
(Roy)
cognator subsystem
The environmental stimuli in the environment can be classified as what 3 things?
(Roy)
focal, residual, or contextual
Can either the regulator and cognator subsystems be observed directly?
No, only their responses are observable
Roy categorized responses from the regularory and cognator subsystem into what 4 adaptive models?
physiologic
self-concept
role-cuntion
independence
According to Roy, what is the goal of nursing?
to promote adaptation for individuals and groups
What is the role of a nurse according to Roy?
to alter the environment when the person is not adapting well or has ineffective coping responses
What does Watson’s theory of nursing focus on?
human caring
(caring is seperate from curing)
According to Watson, what does health refer to?
the unity and harmony within the mind, body, and soul
According to Watson, what is a nurses role?
To provide a holistic approach with patients, one which is structured around the mind, body, and soul.
According to Watson, what type of care should the patients receive?
Individualized care focusing on mind, body, and soul
because every individual is unique and has their own unpredictable set of needs
What is the essence of nursing and the most central and unifying focus of nursing?
(Watson)
caring about each individual and helping them maintain harmony among mind, body, and soul
According to Watson, what are some important things to do for the patient to ensure harmony for them?
Try to create a home-like environment,
Manage noise, lighting, and scent to promote the healing process
Allow access to nature to provide a therapeutic environment
What does Watson say a person is?
a unity of min-body-spirit
How does Watson define health?
harmony, wholeness, and comfort
How does Watson define environment?
a healing space
How does Watson define nursing?
the interpersonal system interactions in the nurse-client relationship
What does King’s theory of nursing focus on?
interacting systems framework & theory of goal attainment
What are the 3 levels of dynamic systems according to King?
- Personal system (body image, perception, growth & development)
- Interpersonal system (role, communication)
- Social system (health care system
How does King define outcomes in nursing?
Outcomes are defined in terms of goals obtained from the nurse- client perception of each other and their interactions
Is mutual goal setting important in King’s nursing theory?
yes.
If nurses with special knowledge and skills communicate appropriate information to clients, mutual goal setting and goal attainment will occur.
When can King’s theory be implemented in the nursing process?
- assessment (focus on perception of nurse & client; communication)
- planning (focus on identity goals with client)
- implementation (focus on transaction made)
- evaluation (focus on goals attained)
How does King define a person?
a personal system that interacts with interpersonal & social systems
What is health according to King’s theory of nursing?
continuous adjustment to stressosr in the internal & external environment through oprimum use of ones resources
What is nursing according to King?
the interaction with a client towards a goal (goal attainment)
