Metals (Properties)

Question 1

What are metals extracted from?

Answer 1

Their ores

Question 2

What 2 processes occur to an ore to make pure metal

Answer 2

Extraction
Refining

Question 3

What is furnace heating

Answer 3

A way to extract metals using a blast furnace

Question 4

Describe furnace heating

Answer 4

Metal ore is heated to high temperature in blast furnace
Metal separates from other substances in ore

Question 5

How is iron extracted

Answer 5

Blast furnace
Reduction with coke

Question 6

What are the two ways to extract metals?

Answer 6

Electrolysis
Furnace heating

Question 7

What is electrolysis?

Answer 7

Passing an electrical current through the ore to separate the metal from other substances

Question 8

Why is electrolysis expensive?

Answer 8

Huge amount of energy needed

Question 9

What is an example of where electrolysis is used? (extraction)

Answer 9

Extracting aluminium from aluminium oxide

Question 10

What is extraction (of metals)?

Answer 10

Extracting metals from their ores

Question 11

What is refining (of metals)?

Answer 11

Separating impurities from extracted metals

Question 12

What are two methods of refining metals?

Answer 12

Distillation
Liquation

Question 13

What is distillation (DT)?

Answer 13

Metal heated to boiling point and evaporates
Impurities left behind

Question 14

What is distillation used for?
DT

Answer 14

Refining metals with low boiling points (zinc, mercury)

Question 15

What is liquation?

Answer 15

Metal is heated to melting point
Leaves impurities

Question 16

What are the physical properties of metals?

Answer 16

Conductors
High MP, BP
Malleable
Ductile
Lustrous
High density
Tough
High strength/weight ratio

Question 17

What are ferrous metals?

Answer 17

Metals that contain iron

Question 18

What are some examples of ferrous metals?

Answer 18

Mild steel
High-carbon steel
Stainless steel
Cast iron

Question 19

What are non-ferrous metals?

Answer 19

Metals that contain no iron

Question 20

What are some non-ferrous metals?

Answer 20

Aluminium
Copper
Zinc
Lead

Question 21

What are alloys?

Answer 21

An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements, with at least one metal

Question 22

What are some examples of alloys?

Answer 22

Brass (Copper + Zinc)
Bronze (Copper + Tin)
Duralumin (Aluminium + Copper)

Question 23

What is the ore of iron called?

Answer 23

Haematite

Question 24

What is the ore of aluminium?

Answer 24

Bauxite

Question 25

What is the ore of copper?

Answer 25

Malachite

Question 26

What is pig iron?

Answer 26

Pig iron is crude iron with high carbon, made in a blast furnace and refined into steel

Question 27

Describe the processes in a blast furnace

Answer 27

1) Charge Furnace (iron ore, coke and limestone) 2) Blow Hot Air (Air is blasted into, coke burns) 3) Iron Ore Reduction (carbon from coke reduces iron ore to iron and CO2) 4) Slag Formation (Limestone reacts with impurities to make slag) 5) Tap Iron & Slag (Iron from bottom, slag from top)

Question 28

Why is stainless steel commonly used in cooking utensils?

Answer 28

Durable Dishwasher-safe Flame/Heat resistant Resistant to rust Aesthetically pleasing Safe with food

Question 29

Why is high-carbon steel used to make hand tools?

Answer 29

Strong Tough Resistant to abrasion Malleable Able to retain shape at high temps

Question 30

What is annealing

Answer 30

Process that softens metal Heated and left to cool

Question 31

What are some stock forms and sizes of metal?

Answer 31

Sheet Rod Tube Angle Channel

Question 32

How is metal wire measured

Answer 32

Standard wire gauge (swg) The lower the gauge, the bigger the size

Question 33

How are rivets installed?

Answer 33

1) The rivet is inserted through a pre-drilled hole 2) Other side of rivet is shaped into a head with a hammer

Question 34

What are rivets used for?

Answer 34

To join two pieces of metal together?

Question 35

What are pop rivets used for?

Answer 35

Joining together two pieces of metal (when only one side can be accessed)

Question 36

How are pop rivets installed?

Answer 36

1) Pin inserted through the centre of the rivet 2) Rivet inserted into hole 3) Rivet gun used to pull pin with enough force to deform the end of the rivet

Question 37

Where are rivets usually foud?

Answer 37

Aeroplanes Bridges

Question 38

What are machine screws used for?

Answer 38

To temporarily join parts together

Question 39

What are machine screws like?

Answer 39

Vex screws They don't taper to a point

Question 40

What are nuts and bolts made from?

Answer 40

Carbon steel

Question 41

Describe Zinc Extraction and Refining Process

Answer 41

Ore: Sphalerite (ZnS) Step 1: Roasting: Zinc sulfide (ZnS) is heated in air to form zinc oxide (ZnO). Step 2: Reduction: Zinc oxide is reduced by carbon (coke) in a furnace to produce zinc metal. Refining: Distillation or Liquation

Question 42

What are the environmental impacts of metals

Answer 42

Mining - deforestation, pollution