Metals Polymers & Sustain

Question 1

Chemically metal is…

Answer 1

An element that has positive ions surrounded by a cloud of delocalised electrons

Question 2

Physically metal is…

Answer 2

A substance that has a bright lustre, good conductivity of heat, good conductivity of electricity, varying degrees of hardness, density, ductility and malleability

Question 3

2 type of metal

Answer 3

Ferrous

And

Non ferrous

Question 4

Ferrous metals are

Answer 4

Metals that contain iron and are magnetic

Question 5

Non ferrous metals are

Answer 5

Metals that do not contain iron and are not magnetic

Question 6

2 examples of ferrous metals are

Answer 6

Cast iron

And

Steel

Question 7

2 examples of non ferrous metals are

Answer 7

Aluminium

And

Copper

Question 8

Alloy metals are

Answer 8

Ferrous or non ferrous metals with an added substance

Question 9

2 examples of ferrous alloy metals are

Answer 9

Steel + carbon = carbon steel

And

Steel + chromium = stainless steel

Question 10

An examples of non ferrous alloy metals are

Answer 10

Copper + zinc = brass

Question 11

Ferrous metals are normally used for

Answer 11

Structural use

Question 12

Non ferrous metals are usually used for

Answer 12

Non structural use

Question 13

4 examples of structural metal use in construction are

Answer 13

1) Steel frames - beams and columns
2) Steel flooring - profile metal sheeting
3) Steel roofing - trusses
4) Bridge construction

Question 14

4 examples of non structural use of metals are

Answer 14

1) Pipework systems
2) Electrical wiring
3) Framing systems for building cladding systems
4) Windows and doors

Question 15

Raw materials of ferrous metals are (4)

Answer 15

1) Iron ore
2) Coal / coke
3) Limestone
4) Oxygen

Question 16

Stages of manufacture of pig iron are (6)

Answer 16

1) DIG the iron ore
2) CRUSH the iron ore, coke and limestone
3) WASH out the less heavy impurities
4) HEAT the mix of iron ore, coke and limestone in a blast furnace to breakdown the mineral into its constituent elements
5) DRIVE OFF the volatile impurities (eg sulphur, phosphorous and arsenic from the molten iron mix in the furnace
6) COLLECT the pig iron at the bottom of the furnace

Question 17

The raw materials for making steel are (3)

Answer 17

1) Pig iron
2) Steel scraps
3) Lime

Question 18

Steel is produced by (3)

Answer 18

1) REMOVING the impurities from the pig iron
2) REDUCING the carbon content
3) ADDING definite proportions of other elements (eg manganese and silicon)

Question 19

What is the purpose of the manufacture of secondary steel (4)

Answer 19

1) To improve homogenisation of temperature and composition of steel
2) To allow careful trimming of composition to extract ranges of analysis
3) To remove harmful and unwanted gases such as hydrogen
4) To minimise impurity elements such as sulphur to low levels

Question 20

The raw material for making secondary steel is…

Answer 20

Molten steel from wither BOF or EAF

Question 21

BOF stands for

Answer 21

basic oxygen furnace

Question 22

EAF stands for

Answer 22

Electric arc furnace

Question 23

Six stages to modern steel manufacture are

Answer 23

1) IRONMAKING - raw materials melted in blast furnace
2) PRIMARY STEEL MAKING - BOS and EAF - oxygen blown through metal at high temperature with scrap steel being added
3) SECONDARY STEEL MAKING - treats molten steel produced from BOS and EAF to adjust composition - adding or removing certain elements
4) CONTINUOUS CASTING - molten steel cast into a cooled mould creating thin steel steel - then cut to desired lengths
5) PRIMARY FORMING - formed into various shapes by hot rolling
6) MANUFACTURING - secondary forming gives steel its final shape - shaping (cold rolling), machining (drilling), joining (welding), coating (galvanising, heat treatment (tempering), surface treatment (carburizing).

Question 24

Depending on the type of steel required secondary steelmaking can be by (5)

Answer 24

1) stirring
2) ladle furnace
3) ladle injection
4) degassing
5) CAS-OB (composition adjustment by sealed argon bubbling with oxygen blowing

Question 25

Steel can be described as…

Answer 25

A ferrous alloy metal of iron and carbon containing less than 2% carbon - construction steel typically contains 0.05% - 0.5% carbon as well as additional elements to improve performance.

Question 26

Objectives of secondary steel making (6)

Answer 26

1) De-oxidation
2) De-sulphurisation
3) Alloying
4) Mirco cleanliness (removals of impurities)
5) Inclusion morphology (change composition of remaining impurities)
6) Superheat control

Question 27

Blast furnace can be described as….

Answer 27

Large steel vessel lined with refactory brick

Question 28

Molten iron produced in blast furnace by

Answer 28

1) Raw materials being fed in from top
2) Hot air (between 900degC and 1300degC blasted from bottom
3) Takes 6-8 hours to descend to bottom in form of molten iron and molten slag

Question 29

Pig iron has a _____ %age of carbon and is therefore very _____________

Answer 29

Higher

Brittle

Question 30

3 main methods of structural passive fire protection

Answer 30

1) Insulating board
2) Cementitious Sprays
3) Intumescent Paints

Question 31

Examples (1 - 3 of), Advantages (2 - 2 of) and disadvantages (3 - 1 of) of fire insulating board…

Answer 31

1) Examples - Gypsum, minimal fibre, vermiculite
2) Easy to apply, aesthetically acceptable
3) Difficulties with compels details

Question 32

Examples (1 - 2 of), Advantages (2 - 1 of) and disadvantages (3 - 3 of) of fire cementitious sprays…

Answer 32

1) Mineral fibre or vermiculite in cement binder
2) Cheap to apply
3) Messy, expensive clean up, poor aesthetically

Question 33

Advantages (1 - 2 of) and explain what happens when heated (2 - 1 of) of fire insulating board…

Answer 33

1) Aesthetically pleasing, can be used as decorative finishing, can be done off site
2) Expands on being heated to produce insulating layer

Question 34

2 types of plastics are

Answer 34

1) Thermoplastic - always softens when heated

2) Thermosetting - does not soften when heated

Question 35

Plastics perform poor in fire - give 4 examples

Answer 35

1) Creep - loss of strength
2) High combustability
3) Toxic fumes from combustion
4) Hazards from melted liquids from plastics

Question 36

Advantages of using plastic are (5);

Answer 36

1) Relatively Strong
2) Lightweight
3) Durable
4) Low conductivity of heat
5) Low conductivity of electricity

Question 37

Disadvantages of plastic are (3);

Answer 37

1) Combustable
2) Degrades under direct sunlight
3) Low elasticity

Question 38

Climate change implications for building design (6);

Answer 38

1) increased extreme weather events
2) increased foundation movement on clay due to drier summers and traumatic flooding
3) Increased summer over heating
4) Disruption of site activities
5) Design loadings - wind
6) Material design - sealants, joining materials, coatings

Question 39

Sustainable building design priorities;

Answer 39

1) Reduce need for mech systems - use natural vent
2) Thermal performance of materials
3) Renewable energy sources