Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Flashcards
Airplanes are made of __________.
Aluminum
Many coins are combinations of _____ with ______, ____, or ______.
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Silver
______ wires carry electricity.
Copper
On the periodic table, most of the elements are ________.
Metals
Metals are found to the _____ of the zigzag line in the periodic table.
Left
The other elements on the periodic table are called ________ and _________.
Nonmetals
Metalloids
Chemists classify an element as a metal based on physical properties such as hardness, ______, malleability, and _____ ductility.
Shininess
Ductility
Polished _____ is a good example of shininess.
Silver
A _______ material is one that can be pounded into shapes.
Malleable
A _____ material is one that can be pulled out, or drawn, into a long wire.
Ductile
Because it is shiny and slow to react, _______ is ideal for car bumpers.
Chromium
Most metals are called good ______ because they transmit heat and electricity easily.
Conductors
Several metals are attracted to magnets and can be made into magnets. ______ (Fe), Cobalt (__), and ______ (Ni) are described as magnetic
Iron
Co
Nickel
Most metals are ______ at room temperature.
Solids
Most metals have the property of ____ melting points - up to 3400 C to ____ them.
High
Melt
Which metal is liquid at room temperature?
Mercury (Hg)
What is the reaction when water is dripped onto sodium metal?
The reaction is explosive
True or False: Metals show a wide range of chemical properties.
True
The ease and speed with which an element combines or reacts with other elements and compounds is called its ________.
Reactivity
______(Na) and Potassium(__) will react ______ if exposed to air or water.
Sodium
K
Explosively
To prevent explosive reactions of Sodium and Potassium if exposed to air, they must be stored under ____ in _____ containers.
Oil
Sealed
____(Au) and Chromium (__) are unreactive.
Gold
Cr
Why is gold valued?
Because it is rare and also because it stays shiny instead of reacting with air.
Why is chromium plated on objects left outdoors, such as automobile trim?
Because it is extremely slow to react with air and water.
What is the process of reaction and wearing called?
Corrosion
True or False: a mixture is two or more substances that are in the same place but are not chemically changed.
True
A mixture of metals is called _____
An alloy
Copper mixed with tin forms _____.
Bronze
_____ is an alloy of copper and zinc.
Brass
True or False: Iron rusts very easily.
True
When Iron is mixed with carbon, chromium, and vanadium, _____ ____ is formed.
stainless steel
The reactivity of metals tends to ____ as you move from left to right across the periodic table.
Decrease
Metals in Group 1 - from lithium to francium, are called ____ metals.
Alkali
Alkali metals are so reactive that they are _____ found uncombined in nature.
Never
Alkali metals are only found in _____.
Compounds
As pure elements, alkali metals are very soft and _____. They are so soft that you could cut with a _____ _____.
Shiny
Plastic knife
The two most important alkali metals are _____ and ____.
Sodium and Potassium
Sodium compounds are found in large amounts in ____ ____ and _____ beds.
Sea water
Salt
______ is used in ____ and some ______.
lithium
Batteries
Medicines
Alkali metals are so reactive due to their ____ electrons. When the ____ electron transfers to other atoms during chemical change, the part of the atom that remains is more _____.
valence
Valence
Stable
Group 2 of the periodic table contains the ______ earth metals.
Alkaline
Are alkaline metals every found combined in nature?
No
Alkaline metals are (hard or soft), (dark or white), and a (good or bad) conductor of electricity.
Hard
White
Good
The most common alkaline earth metals are _____ and ____.
Magnesium
Calcium
Magnesium and Aluminum combined to make a (heavy or light weight) alloy. This alloy is used to make _____ and _____ parts.
Lightweight
Ladders
Airplane
Calcium is essential part of your ____ and helps make ____ work properly.
Teeth
Muscles
Where you get calcium from for your diet?
Milk
Dairy products
Green leafy vegetables
Each atom of an alkaline earth metal has ____ valence electrons.
2
Each alkaline earth metal is almost as reactive as its neighbor to the _____ on the periodic table.
Left
Like alkali metals, alkaline earth metals easily lose their ____ electrons in chemical reactions.
Valence
The elements in Group 3-12 are called the ____ metals.
Transition
_____ metals form a bridge between the very reactive metals on the _____ side of the periodic table and less _____ metals and other elements on the right side.
Transition
Left
Reactive
Transition metals are so similar to one another that _____ between ____ columns are often difficult to detect.
Differences
Nearby
The transition metals include most of the familiar metals such as ___, ____, ______, _____, and _____.
Iron Copper Nickel Silver Gold
Most of the transition metals are ____ and ____.
Hard
Shiny
Groups 13-16 of the periodic table include _____, Nonmetals, and ______.
Metals
Metalloids
Elements at the bottom of the periodic table are called _____ and _______.
Lanthanides
Actinides
4 properties of most metals
Hardness
Shininess
Malleability
Ductility
________ are elements that lack most of the properties of metals.
Nonmetals
Nonmetals are located to the right of the ______ line on the periodic table.
Zigzag
Many of the nonmetal elements are _____ at room temperature which means they have ___ boiling points.
Gases
Low
The air you breathe is made mostly of 2 nonmetal elements:
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Other metals, such as ____ and ____ are solids at room temperature.
Carbon
Iodine
_____ is the only nonmetal that is liquid at room temperature.
Bromine
The physical properties of Nonmetals are opposite to those that characterize the ______.
Metals
Most Nonmetals are ____ unlike shiny metals
Dull
Solid Nonmetals are brittle, meaning they are not ____ and not _____.
Malleable
Ductile
Nonmetals usually have _____ densities than metals.
Lower
Nonmetals are also poor conductors of ____ and _____.
Heat
Electricity
Most Nonmetals readily form _____.
Compounds
Do the Group 18 elements commonly form compounds?
No
Atoms of the Group 18 elements do not ___, ___, or share electrons. For this reason, Group 18 elements usually do not react with other ______.
Gain
Lose
Elements
When nonmetals and metals react, ___ electrons move from the metal atoms to the nonmetal atoms.
Valence
An example of reaction of metal and nonmetal from group 17 is ____.
Salt
An example of salt is common table salt (Na__)
Cl
Rust is a compound made of iron and oxygen and is recognized as ____2___3)
Fe
O
Many Nonmetals form molecules of two identical atoms, which are called _____ _______.
Diatomic Molecules
Name 3 examples of Diatomic Molecules.
O2
N2
H2
Group 14 on the periodic table are also know as the ____ family.
Carbon
Each element in the carbon family has atoms with _____ valence electrons.
4
Only one element in the carbon family is a nonmetal and that is ______.
Carbon
What makes carbon especially important? And why?
Its role in the chemistry of life.
All living things contain compounds that are made of long chains of carbon atoms.
Group 15 on the periodic table is also known as the _____ family.
Nitrogen
The Nitrogen family contains ___ valence electrons in their atoms.
5
Two Nonmetals in the Nitrogen family are:
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
The atmosphere is approximately ____% nitrogen gas.
80
When certain kinds of bacteria (microscopic organisms) combine nitrogen in the air with other elements, it is called_____ ____.
Nitrogen fixation
_____ is unstable, is a nonmetal, and is used to create matches and flares.
Phosphorus
Group 16 of the periodic table is called the ________ family.
Oxygen
The oxygen family contains elements that have ___ valence electrons in their atoms.
6
An atom in Group 16 usually gains or shares ____ electrons when it reacts.
2
The three Nonmetals in the oxygen family are ______, ______, and______.
Oxygen
Sulfur
Selenium
Oxygen you breathe is a _____ molecule and is recognized as ____.
Diatomic
O2
Oxygen sometimes forms a triatomic molecule which is a ____ atom molecule. Example is ___ - the symbol for Ozone.
3
O3
___ is the other common nonmetal in the oxygen family.
Sulfur
Group 17 of the periodic table is also known as the ____ family.
Halogen.
The halogen family contains _____, ______, _____, ____, and _____.
Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine
All but one of the halogens are ______ and all share similar properties.
Nonmetals
A halogen atom has ___ valence electrons and typically gains or shares one electron when it reacts.
7
Are halogens dangerous to humans?
Yes
Elements on the periodic table in Group 18 are known as the ______ gases.
Noble
Do the noble gases form compounds with other elements?
No
The lone element in the upper left corner of the periodic table and is the simplest element.
Hydrogen - H
Although hydrogen makes up more than ____% of the atoms in the universe, it makes up only ___% of the mass of Earth’s crust, oceans, and atmosphere.
90
1.0
On the border between the metals and Nonmetals are 7 elements called _________.
Metalloids
________ have characteristics of metals and Nonmetals.
Metalloids
The most common Metalloid is _____(Si).
Silicon
Silicon combines with Oxygen to form a number of familiar substances, including _____, ____, and ____.
Sand
glass
Cement
_____ (a Metalloid) is used in cleaning solutions.
Boron.
_____ is a poisonous Metalloid.
Arsenic
The most useful property of the Metalloids is their varying ability to _____ electricity.
Conduct
Whether or not a Metalloid can conduct electricity can depend on _____, _____ to light, or the presence of small amounts of _____.
Temperature
Exposure
Impurities
_____ are substances that under some conditions can carry electricity, like a metal, while under other conditions cannot carry electricity, like a nonmetal.
Semiconductors
Semiconductors are used to make ____ chips, ___, and _____.
Computer
Transistors
Lasers
Cars and buses are made of _______ which is mostly _______.
Steel
Iron
