Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Flashcards
1
Q
Airplanes are made of __________.
A
Aluminum
2
Q
Many coins are combinations of _____ with ______, ____, or ______.
A
Zinc
Copper
Nickel
Silver
3
Q
______ wires carry electricity.
A
Copper
4
Q
On the periodic table, most of the elements are ________.
A
Metals
5
Q
Metals are found to the _____ of the zigzag line in the periodic table.
A
Left
6
Q
The other elements on the periodic table are called ________ and _________.
A
Nonmetals
Metalloids
7
Q
Chemists classify an element as a metal based on physical properties such as hardness, ______, malleability, and _____ ductility.
A
Shininess
Ductility
8
Q
Polished _____ is a good example of shininess.
A
Silver
9
Q
A _______ material is one that can be pounded into shapes.
A
Malleable
10
Q
A _____ material is one that can be pulled out, or drawn, into a long wire.
A
Ductile
11
Q
Because it is shiny and slow to react, _______ is ideal for car bumpers.
A
Chromium
12
Q
Most metals are called good ______ because they transmit heat and electricity easily.
A
Conductors
13
Q
Several metals are attracted to magnets and can be made into magnets. ______ (Fe), Cobalt (__), and ______ (Ni) are described as magnetic
A
Iron
Co
Nickel
14
Q
Most metals are ______ at room temperature.
A
Solids
15
Q
Most metals have the property of ____ melting points - up to 3400 C to ____ them.
A
High
Melt
16
Q
Which metal is liquid at room temperature?
A
Mercury (Hg)
17
Q
What is the reaction when water is dripped onto sodium metal?
A
The reaction is explosive
18
Q
True or False: Metals show a wide range of chemical properties.
A
True
19
Q
The ease and speed with which an element combines or reacts with other elements and compounds is called its ________.
A
Reactivity
20
Q
______(Na) and Potassium(__) will react ______ if exposed to air or water.
A
Sodium
K
Explosively
21
Q
To prevent explosive reactions of Sodium and Potassium if exposed to air, they must be stored under ____ in _____ containers.
A
Oil
Sealed
22
Q
____(Au) and Chromium (__) are unreactive.
A
Gold
Cr
23
Q
Why is gold valued?
A
Because it is rare and also because it stays shiny instead of reacting with air.
24
Q
Why is chromium plated on objects left outdoors, such as automobile trim?
A
Because it is extremely slow to react with air and water.
25
What is the process of reaction and wearing called?
Corrosion
26
True or False: a mixture is two or more substances that are in the same place but are not chemically changed.
True
27
A mixture of metals is called _____
An alloy
28
Copper mixed with tin forms _____.
Bronze
29
_____ is an alloy of copper and zinc.
Brass
30
True or False: Iron rusts very easily.
True
31
When Iron is mixed with carbon, chromium, and vanadium, _____ ____ is formed.
stainless steel
32
The reactivity of metals tends to ____ as you move from left to right across the periodic table.
Decrease
33
Metals in Group 1 - from lithium to francium, are called ____ metals.
Alkali
34
Alkali metals are so reactive that they are _____ found uncombined in nature.
Never
35
Alkali metals are only found in _____.
Compounds
36
As pure elements, alkali metals are very soft and _____. They are so soft that you could cut with a _____ _____.
Shiny
| Plastic knife
37
The two most important alkali metals are _____ and ____.
Sodium and Potassium
38
Sodium compounds are found in large amounts in ____ ____ and _____ beds.
Sea water
| Salt
39
______ is used in ____ and some ______.
lithium
Batteries
Medicines
40
Alkali metals are so reactive due to their ____ electrons. When the ____ electron transfers to other atoms during chemical change, the part of the atom that remains is more _____.
valence
Valence
Stable
41
Group 2 of the periodic table contains the ______ earth metals.
Alkaline
42
Are alkaline metals every found combined in nature?
No
43
Alkaline metals are (hard or soft), (dark or white), and a (good or bad) conductor of electricity.
Hard
White
Good
44
The most common alkaline earth metals are _____ and ____.
Magnesium
| Calcium
45
Magnesium and Aluminum combined to make a (heavy or light weight) alloy. This alloy is used to make _____ and _____ parts.
Lightweight
Ladders
Airplane
46
Calcium is essential part of your ____ and helps make ____ work properly.
Teeth
| Muscles
47
Where you get calcium from for your diet?
Milk
Dairy products
Green leafy vegetables
48
Each atom of an alkaline earth metal has ____ valence electrons.
2
49
Each alkaline earth metal is almost as reactive as its neighbor to the _____ on the periodic table.
Left
50
Like alkali metals, alkaline earth metals easily lose their ____ electrons in chemical reactions.
Valence
51
The elements in Group 3-12 are called the ____ metals.
Transition
52
_____ metals form a bridge between the very reactive metals on the _____ side of the periodic table and less _____ metals and other elements on the right side.
Transition
Left
Reactive
53
Transition metals are so similar to one another that _____ between ____ columns are often difficult to detect.
Differences
| Nearby
54
The transition metals include most of the familiar metals such as ___, ____, ______, _____, and _____.
```
Iron
Copper
Nickel
Silver
Gold
```
55
Most of the transition metals are ____ and ____.
Hard
| Shiny
56
Groups 13-16 of the periodic table include _____, Nonmetals, and ______.
Metals
| Metalloids
57
Elements at the bottom of the periodic table are called _____ and _______.
Lanthanides
| Actinides
58
4 properties of most metals
Hardness
Shininess
Malleability
Ductility
59
________ are elements that lack most of the properties of metals.
Nonmetals
60
Nonmetals are located to the right of the ______ line on the periodic table.
Zigzag
61
Many of the nonmetal elements are _____ at room temperature which means they have ___ boiling points.
Gases
| Low
62
The air you breathe is made mostly of 2 nonmetal elements:
Nitrogen
| Oxygen
63
Other metals, such as ____ and ____ are solids at room temperature.
Carbon
| Iodine
64
_____ is the only nonmetal that is liquid at room temperature.
Bromine
65
The physical properties of Nonmetals are opposite to those that characterize the ______.
Metals
66
Most Nonmetals are ____ unlike shiny metals
Dull
67
Solid Nonmetals are brittle, meaning they are not ____ and not _____.
Malleable
| Ductile
68
Nonmetals usually have _____ densities than metals.
Lower
69
Nonmetals are also poor conductors of ____ and _____.
Heat
| Electricity
70
Most Nonmetals readily form _____.
Compounds
71
Do the Group 18 elements commonly form compounds?
No
72
Atoms of the Group 18 elements do not ___, ___, or share electrons. For this reason, Group 18 elements usually do not react with other ______.
Gain
Lose
Elements
73
When nonmetals and metals react, ___ electrons move from the metal atoms to the nonmetal atoms.
Valence
74
An example of reaction of metal and nonmetal from group 17 is ____.
Salt
75
An example of salt is common table salt (Na__)
Cl
76
Rust is a compound made of iron and oxygen and is recognized as ____2___3)
Fe
| O
77
Many Nonmetals form molecules of two identical atoms, which are called _____ _______.
Diatomic Molecules
78
Name 3 examples of Diatomic Molecules.
O2
N2
H2
79
Group 14 on the periodic table are also know as the ____ family.
Carbon
80
Each element in the carbon family has atoms with _____ valence electrons.
4
81
Only one element in the carbon family is a nonmetal and that is ______.
Carbon
82
What makes carbon especially important? And why?
Its role in the chemistry of life.
| All living things contain compounds that are made of long chains of carbon atoms.
83
Group 15 on the periodic table is also known as the _____ family.
Nitrogen
84
The Nitrogen family contains ___ valence electrons in their atoms.
5
85
Two Nonmetals in the Nitrogen family are:
Nitrogen
| Phosphorus
86
The atmosphere is approximately ____% nitrogen gas.
80
87
When certain kinds of bacteria (microscopic organisms) combine nitrogen in the air with other elements, it is called_____ ____.
Nitrogen fixation
88
_____ is unstable, is a nonmetal, and is used to create matches and flares.
Phosphorus
89
Group 16 of the periodic table is called the ________ family.
Oxygen
90
The oxygen family contains elements that have ___ valence electrons in their atoms.
6
91
An atom in Group 16 usually gains or shares ____ electrons when it reacts.
2
92
The three Nonmetals in the oxygen family are ______, ______, and______.
Oxygen
Sulfur
Selenium
93
Oxygen you breathe is a _____ molecule and is recognized as ____.
Diatomic
| O2
94
Oxygen sometimes forms a triatomic molecule which is a ____ atom molecule. Example is ___ - the symbol for Ozone.
3
| O3
95
___ is the other common nonmetal in the oxygen family.
Sulfur
96
Group 17 of the periodic table is also known as the ____ family.
Halogen.
97
The halogen family contains _____, ______, _____, ____, and _____.
```
Fluorine
Chlorine
Bromine
Iodine
Astatine
```
98
All but one of the halogens are ______ and all share similar properties.
Nonmetals
99
A halogen atom has ___ valence electrons and typically gains or shares one electron when it reacts.
7
100
Are halogens dangerous to humans?
Yes
101
Elements on the periodic table in Group 18 are known as the ______ gases.
Noble
102
Do the noble gases form compounds with other elements?
No
103
The lone element in the upper left corner of the periodic table and is the simplest element.
Hydrogen - H
104
Although hydrogen makes up more than ____% of the atoms in the universe, it makes up only ___% of the mass of Earth's crust, oceans, and atmosphere.
90
| 1.0
105
On the border between the metals and Nonmetals are 7 elements called _________.
Metalloids
106
________ have characteristics of metals and Nonmetals.
Metalloids
107
The most common Metalloid is _____(Si).
Silicon
108
Silicon combines with Oxygen to form a number of familiar substances, including _____, ____, and ____.
Sand
glass
Cement
109
_____ (a Metalloid) is used in cleaning solutions.
Boron.
110
_____ is a poisonous Metalloid.
Arsenic
111
The most useful property of the Metalloids is their varying ability to _____ electricity.
Conduct
112
Whether or not a Metalloid can conduct electricity can depend on _____, _____ to light, or the presence of small amounts of _____.
Temperature
Exposure
Impurities
113
_____ are substances that under some conditions can carry electricity, like a metal, while under other conditions cannot carry electricity, like a nonmetal.
Semiconductors
114
Semiconductors are used to make ____ chips, ___, and _____.
Computer
Transistors
Lasers
115
Cars and buses are made of _______ which is mostly _______.
Steel
| Iron
