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Chemistry > Metals and Their Extraction > Flashcards

Metals and Their Extraction Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the reactivity series

A 
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen 
Copper
Mercury
Silver
Gold
Platinum
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2
Q

How do you test for different gases?

A

Hydrogen- Put a lighted splint into the gas. If it is hydrogen, there will be a squeaky pop.
Oxygen- Put a glowing splint into the gas. If it is oxygen, the splint will relight.
Carbon Dioxide- Limewater goes from clear to cloudy.

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3
Q

Define reduction

A

The loss of oxygen, gain of electrons or gain of hydrogen by a substance during a chemical reaction

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4
Q

Define oxidation

A

The gain of oxygen or loss of electrons by a substance during a chemical reaction

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5
Q

What is displacement?

A

Taking place of another chemical in a chemical reaction. For example, a metal can probably displace a less reactive metal from its oxide, removing oxide ions from the less reactive metal and becoming an oxide itself

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6
Q

What is an ore?

A

An ore is rocks containing metal compounds that have enough to be extracted using chemical reactions, heat or electrolysis. Iron, aluminium, lead, magnesium and titanium are all extracted by its ore.

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7
Q

What is the use of coke in the extraction of iron?

A

Used as a fuel and reacts to form carbon monoxide (needed to reduce the iron(III) oxide)

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8
Q

What is the use of limestone in the extraction of iron?

A

Helps to remove acidic impurities from the iron by reacting with them to form molten slag

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9
Q

What is the use of blasts of hot air in the extraction of iron?

A

Provides oxygen to allow the coke to burn, and so produces heat

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10
Q

What are in environmental issues with using a blast furnace for extraction?

A
  • It needs a lot of imports for raw materials
  • Noise and pollution
  • Energy needed to run the site continuously
  • Releases Carbon dioxide
  • CONTRIBUTES TO GLOBAL WARMING
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11
Q

What are the colour of solutions containing ions?

A

Fe2+(aq) → pale green

Fe3+(aq) → brown

Cu2+(aq) → blue

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12
Q

What happens at the cathode during electrolysis?

A

The metal will form at the cathode. Positively-charged ions move to the negative electrode (cathode) because opposites attract. They receive electrons and are reduced.

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13
Q

What happens at the anode during electrolysis?

A

The non-metals will form at the anode. Negatively-charged ions move to the positive electrode (anode) because opposites attract. They lose electrons and are oxidised.

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14
Q

What is the electrolyte during electrolysis?

A

The substance that is broken down is called the electrolyte, and when molten or in a solution, will conduct and electrical current.

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15
Q

What is OILRIG?

A 
Oxidation
Is
Loss
Reduction
Is
Gain
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16
Q

What is used in the extraction of aluminium and why?

A

It is dissolved in MOLTEN CRYOLITE – an aluminium compound with a lower melting point than aluminium oxide. The use of molten cryolite as a solvent reduces some of the energy costs involved in extracting aluminium by allowing the ions in aluminium oxide to move freely at a lower temperature.

17
Q

During the extraction of aluminium, what happens at the positive electrode?

A

Oxygen reacts with the carbon of the positive electrodes, forming carbon dioxide, so they gradually burn away. As a result, the positive electrodes have to be replaced frequently. This adds to the cost of the process.

18
Q

What can we say about the volume of the elements during the extraction of water?

A

The volume of hydrogen produced is double the volume of oxygen. This confirms that there are twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms in water (H20)

19
Q

What is an alloy?

A

An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements, where at least one element is a metal. Many alloys are mixtures of two or more metals

20
Q

What are the properties and uses of aluminium?

A

Properties- Good strength-to-weight ratio, light, soft, ductile, good conductor of heat and electricity.
Uses- Kitchen equipment, window frames, overhead electricity cables, drinks’ cans, manufacturing aircraft

21
Q

What are the properties and uses of copper?

A

Properties- Malleable and ductile, good conductor of heat and electricity, resistant to corrosion, attractive colour, lustre.
Uses- Water pipes, electrical wire, decorative goods

22
Q

What are the properties and uses of titanium?

A

Properties- Good strength-to-weight ratio, light, resistant to corrosion, good conductor of heat but poor conductor of electricity.
Uses- Drill bits, bicycles, golf clubs, watches and laptop computers, medical implants, jewellery, manufacturing aircraft and spacecraft

Chemistry (5 decks)

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