Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AQA GCSE Chemistry > Metals and Redox > Flashcards

Metals and Redox Flashcards

1
Q

What makes a metal more or most reactive?

A

If it can easily give away it’s outer shell elctrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What method of extraction is used for all metals more reactive than zinc?

A

Electrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is zinc and iron extracted?

A

By reducing them with carbon (carbon is more reactive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is copper extracted?

A

By being reduced with either of the more reactive non-metals hydrogen and carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the term used to define metals which are found naturally in the ground as they are unreactive?

A

Native

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two native metals in the reactivity series?

A

Silver and gold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How are metals which aren’t native found as?

A

Compounds which are called ores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an ore?

A

A metal compound dug out of the ground which is economically worth extracting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the colour and name of copper carbonate ore?

A

Green compound called Malachite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the first stage of extracting copper from copper carbonate?

A

Thermal decomposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the products and reactants of thermal decomposition of copper carbonate?

A

Reactants: Copper carbonate (CuCO3)
Products: Copper oxide (CuO) and carbon dioxide(CO2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the second stage of extracting copper from copper carbonate?

A

Reacting the copper oxide with carbon to get copper and carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is reduction?

A

The loss of oxygen from one reactant or the gain of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is oxidation?

A

The gain of oxygen or the loss of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the name of the ore and chemical symbol of Aluminium Oxide?

A
  • Bauxite

- Al2O3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is aluminium extracted from bauxite?

A

Using electrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is aluminium oxide made into an electrolyte for electrolysis?

A

It is melted until it is molten and is dissolved in cryolyte to lower it’s melting point in the first place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

During the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, what product is made at the cathode?

A

Pure aluminum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

During the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, what product is made at the anode? Why?

A

Carbon dioxide because oxygen reacts with the carbon anode to make carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What kind of structure does a metal have?

A

A giant metallic structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What kind of bonding does a metal have?

A

Metallic bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define metallic bonding:

A

The electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalised electrons in a layered structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the general physical properties of metals?

A
  • High metling point
  • Ductile (can be drawn into wires)
  • Malleable (can be shaped)
  • Good conductor of electricity
  • Good conductor of heat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why do metals (transition) generally have a high melting point?

A

Because there are strong metallic bonds which take a lot of energy to break

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Why are metals generally ductile?
The layers of positive ions can slide past eachother when a force is applied
26
Why are metals generally malleable?
The layers of positive ions can slide past eachother when a force is applied
27
Why are metals generally good conductors of heat?
The delocalised electrons in the metal can transfer the heat effectively
28
Why are metals generally good conductors of electricity?
The delocalised electrons can carry the electric charge through the metal
29
What are the similar physical properties of alkali metals and transition metals?
- Good conductors of heat and electricity - Malleable and Ductile - Shiny
30
What are the different physical properties of alkali metals and transition metals?
- Alkali metals have lower density (float on water) - Alkali metals are softer (cut easily) - Alkali metals aren't as strong as transition metals - Alkalis have lower melting and boiling points
31
What are the products when a metal and oxygen react?
A metal oxide
32
What are the products when a metal and acid react?
A metal salt and hydrogen
33
What are the products when a metal and water react?
A metal hydroxide and hydrogen
34
What kind of compounds do alkali metals form?
White compounds
35
What is the only oxidation number for any alkali metal?
+1
36
Can alkali metals be used as catalysts?
No
37
How do alkalis react in water typically?
Violently
38
What kind of compounds do transition metals form?
Coloured compounds
39
How do transition metals react with water?
Fairly unreactive ie. Copper does not react with water
40
Can transition metals be used as catalysts>
Yes ie. Fe used to make ammonia and Nickel used to harden margarine
41
How do potassium, sodium, lithium and calcium react with O2?
Very quickly (they tarnish) so they must be stored in oil
42
How do potassium, sodium, lithium and calcium react with water?
All produce gas, potassium produces lilac flame, float and move on surface and eventually dissolve
43
How do potassium, sodium, lithium and calcium react with acid?
explosive
44
How does magnesium react with oxygen?
Very slowly if at all (tinges of tarnishing)
45
How does magnesium react with water?
Very slowly
46
How does magnesium react with acid?
Quickly and fairly violent. Lots of gas is produced
47
How do iron and zinc and copper react with oxygen?
Very very slow (no visible observations really)
48
How do iron and zinc and copper react with water?
Iron slowly rusts but the other two have no reaction
49
How do iron and zinc and copper react with acid?
Slowly , bubbles form on the surface
50
What gas is given off during the metal s reacting with water and acid?
Hydrogen
51
What is the test for hydrogen?
Squeaky pop with a lighted splint
52
What is a displacement reaction?
When a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound
53
What are the ions in a redox reaction called if they don't take part in the reaction?
Spectator ions
54
What is an alloy?
A mixture of a metal and either a non-metal or an additional metal
55
What makes a metal an element?
When there is only one type of ato making it up
56
Why are alloys stronger than pure metals?
The atoms in them are different sizes so layers cannot easily slide past eachother
57
What is low carbon steel composed of and used for due to its property?
Iron with 0.1%-0.3% of carbon | It is easily shaped so is ideal for car bodies
58
What is high carbon steel composed of and used for due to its properties?
Iron with 0.22%-0.25% of carbon | Very strong, inflexible, brittle so used for blades for cutting tools and even bridges
59
What is low stainless steel composed of and used for due to its properties?
Iron with added chromium and nickel | Corrosion resistant and hard so used for medical equipment, cutlery and corrosive substance containers
60
What is brass composed of and used for due to its property?
70% Copper and 30% Zinc | Low friction so used for moving parts such as taps, door fittings and musical instruments
61
What is bronze composed of and used for due to its property?
95% Copper and 5% Tin | Harder than copper so used for statues. church bells and medals
62
What is gold composed of and used for due to its property?
Gold with copper, zinc or silver 24 carat is soft so used in jewellery 9 carat is used in dental fillings and electronic devices due to low resistance and high conductivity
63
What is aluminium composed of and used for due to its property?
Aluminium with other metals such as magnesium | Low density and soft and conductive so alloyed to make stronger for aircrafts and electric pylon wores
64
Why does aluminum not corrode?
It has a layer of aluminum oxide on it's surface
65
What is corrosion?
The destruction of materials by chemical reactions with substances in the environment
66
Rust is a form of corrosion which only occurs with iron, what is its chemical name and symbol?
A hydrated iron oxide - Fe2O3.H2O
67
Why does all pure iron with water eventually corrode away?
The rust gets on the surface of the iron but is soft and crumbly so flakes off leaving more of the surface of the iron to rust.
68
What are the conditions which are required for iron to rust?
Water and air
69
What are in the three test tubes used to set up the different conditions for iron to see under which ones it rusts?
- Test tube with iron and anhydrous calcium oxide which absorbs moisture - Test tube with boiled water (removes oxygen) and oil (prevents re-entry of oxygen) with iron - Test tube with half air and water for nail
70
How coukd you tell rust is present on the iron in the test tube with water and air?
Because the mass of the nail increases as the iron atoms chemically bond to the oxygen and water molecules creating a new compound
71
What are the methods to prevent corrosion?
- Coating to create a barrier (e.g. greasing, painting) - Cover in plastic - Electroplating - Sacrificial protection - Galvanising
72
How does sacrificial protection prevent the desired metal from corroding?
The more reactive metal attached to the desired metal corrodes in its place
73
How does galvanising prevent the desired metal from corroding?
The desired metal's surface is covered so there is a barrier but it is covered with a meterial which if scratched, will corrode in place of the desired metal as sacrifical protection (used in "tin cans")
74
Why do electrons become delocalised in metals?
Because the electron orbitals in metal atoms overlap.
75
What is a pure compound?
A coumpound made of one substance without any mixtures

AQA GCSE Chemistry (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions