Metals and non-metals Flashcards
What are the majority of elements in the periodic table
Metals
What charge ions do metals form
Positive
What charge ions do non-metals form
Normally negative
Why do metals easily form positive ions
-they … their … shell … easily as there is so … of them
-as the … of … increase the … the … forces of … between the … and the …
-… much … is … to … these …
-they lose their outer shell elections easily as there is so few of them
-as the number of shells increase the weaker the electrostatic forces of attraction between the electrons and the nucleus
-not much energy is needed to remove these electrons
Why is it hard for non-metals to form positive ions
-they have … of … to … on their … shell
-and when there are … shells the … forces of … are very …
-it … a … more … to … these … than it would be to … a …
-they have lots of electrons to remove on their outer shell
-and when there are few shells the electrostatic forces of attraction are very strong
-it requires a lot more energy to remove these electrons than it would be to gain a few
What type of bonding do all metals have
Metallic bonding
Qualities of metallic bonding
-very strong
-malleable
-good conductors of heat and electricity
-high boiling and melting points
Non metal properties
-brittle
-dull
-not always solid at room temp
-don’t conduct electricity or heat well
-lower density
-low melting and boiling points
Transition metal properties
-good … of … and electricity
-d…
-s…
-s…
-very high … and boiling …
-can have … than one … eg Cu+, Cu2+
-form … compounds and …
-make good …
-good conductors of heat and electricity
-dense
-strong
-shiny
-very high melting and boiling points
-can have more than one ion eg Cu+, Cu2+
-form coloured compounds and solutions
-make good catalysts
Alkali metal reactions with water
-react vigorously
-metal + water ->metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Alkali metals reaction with chlorine
-react vigorously when heated in chlorine gas
-form metal chloride salts
-metal + chlorine -> metal chloride
Alkali metals reaction with oxygen
-form metal oxides
-different metals form different oxides eg Li2O, Na2O2
What are group 7 elements called
Halogens
What colours do each halogen form
Fluorine-> very reactive, poisonous, yellow gas
Chlorine-> fairly reactive, poisonous, dense green gas
Bromine-> dense, poisonous, red/brown volatile liquid
Iodine-> dark grey solid, or purple vapour
Trends in the halogens
-become less reactive as you go down
-high melting and boiling point as you go down
-higher relative atomic masses as you go down
Why do halogens become less reactive as you move down the group
-it’s harder to gain an extra electron, because the outer shells are further from the nucleus so there are weaker electrostatic forces of attraction between the nucleus and the electron
What type of reaction can occur between halogens
Displacement reactions
What is group 9 called
The noble gases
What do group 0 elements exist as
Monatomic gases, single atoms not bonded to eachother
What do group 7 elements exist as
Molecules, pairs of atoms
