Metals and Non-Metals Flashcards
Give an example for non-metals which are
1. gases
2. liquid
3. Shiny Crystals
Gases: Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen
Liquid: Bromine
Shiny Crystals: Iodine
Non-metal in solid form: Carbon, Sulphur
Define Malleable.
Property of substances to get beaten into thin sheets.
Most malleable metals
Gold and Silver
Define Ductile
Property of substances to be drawn into wires
Most ductile metals
Platinum, silver, gold
Which metals are not good conductors of heat and electricity?
Lead and Mercury
Define Lusturous. OR metallic Lustre
Property of substances to shine
Metals in their pure state have a shining surface
Which metals are not sonorous?
Soft metals such as Alkali metals, mercury
Which metals are soft?
Alkali metals such as Lithium, Sodium, Potassium
Which metals have low melting points?
Sodium (Na)
Potassium (K), Cesium, and Gallium
All physical properties of metals.
Malleable
Ductile
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Lustrous
Sonorous
Are generally hard
Have high melting and boiling points
Are soild at room temperature
Which metals are not solid at room temperature?
Mercury and Gallium
Physical properties of Non-metals
Not malleable
Not ductile
Do not conduct heat and electricity
Not lustrous
Are generally soft
Have comparatively low melting and boiling points
May be solid, liquid, or gaseous at room temp
Not sonorous
Which non-metals conducts electricity?
Graphite- an allotrope of carbon
Which non-metals are not lustrous?
Iodine and Graphite
Which non-metal is not soft?
Diamond- an allotrope of carbon is extremely hard
Which non-metal has a very high boiling and melting point?
Diamond
Which metals are the best conductors of heat?
Silver and Copper
What are wires coated with? and Why?
Polyvinylchloride (PVC) or rubber like material
They are insulators and help protect from getting shocked
Which two elements are liquid at room temperature?
Mercury and Bromine
Metal oxides are Acidic or Basic?
Basic
Non-metal oxides are acidic or basic?
Acidic
Define Amphoteric Oxides.
Metal oxides which show both acidic and basic behaviour. They react with both acids and bases to produce salts and water.
Example of Amphoteric oxides.
Aluminium Oxide and Zinc oxide
Al2O3 + HCL–> AlCl3 + H2O
Al2O3 + NaOH –> NaAlO2 + H2O
ZnO + HCL–> ZnCl2 + H2o
ZnO + NaOH –> Na2ZnO2 + H2O
Which metal oxides dissolve in water to form alkalis? check answer
Sodium oxide, Potassium Oxide, Calcium Oxide, and Magnesium Oxide
Which substances react with Oxygen even at room temperature?
Sodium and Potassium
Which substances are immersed in kerosene oil or petrol to prevent accidental fire?
Na and K
Which substance doesn’t burn on heating but it’s filling burn vigorously when sprinkled in flame?
Fe
Which substances don’t react with Oxygen even at high temperatures?
Silver and Gold
Define Anodising.
Process of forming a thick oxide layer of aluminium
Which metals react violently when placed in cold water?
Na and K
H2 gas catches fire and burns explosively
Which substance reacts with cold water?
Calcium
Ca + H2O –> Ca(OH)2 + H2
Which substance reacts quickly with hot water?
Mg
Mg+ H2O –> Mg(OH)2 + H2
Which substances only react with steam? And form what?
Fe, Zn, Al They form oxides. Al2O3, Fe3O4, ZnO
Which substances float when they react with water?
Ca and Mg
Which metals don’t react with water at all?
Metals below Hydrogen in reactivity series do not react. Pt, Cu, Ag, Au
HNO3 is strong: Oxidizing or Reducing agent?
Oxidizing. it oxidises the H2 produces to H2O and reduces itself to N2O, NO, NO2
Which metals react with very dil HNO3 to evolve H2?
Manganese and Magnesium
What is Aqua Regia also called?
Royal Water
What is Aqua Regia?
Freshly prepared mixture of conc nirtic acid and conc HCL
Ratio of substances in aqua regia?
HNO3 : HCL
1:3
What are the properties of aqua regia?
Highly corrosive and fuming liquid
Can dissolve all metals
EVen gold and platinum which couldn’t be dissolved if HNO3 and HCL were alone
Metal + Acid–>
Give example
Salt + H2
Zn + HCL –> ZnCl2 + H2
Zn + H2SO4 –> ZnSO4 + H2
Which metals:
- react violently with HCL/ H2SO4
-react very slowly with them
-does not react at all
Na, Mg, Ca react violently
Fe reacts very slowly
Cu doesn’t react at all
Non metal + oxygen
give example
Non metal + oxide produce non-metallic oxides
C + O2 –> CO2
Non metal + water
Non metallic oxides + water
non metals do not react with water
Non metallic oxides with water produce acids (Ex: Carbonic acid - H2CO3)
Non metals + dil Acids
Non metals do not react with dil acids as they can’t displace hydrogen
NaBr + Cl2 –>
NaCl + Br2
Define Ionic bonds. (electrovalent compounds)
Bond formed when one atom donates electron to achieve the inert gas configuration and other gains the electron
Properties of Ionic compounds
- Physical nature: they’re solid and harder due to attractive force b/w ions
- Melting point and boiling point: Strong attractive force, so to break them more energy is needed. high melting and boiling points.
-Solubility: they’re soluble in charged solvents(H2O) and insoluble in carbon tetrachloride
-conduction electricity: this requires movement of electrons. in solid state ionic compounds don’t conduct. in molten state they do.
