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Chemistry > Metals and Non-metals > Flashcards

Metals and Non-metals Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of Lustre

A

Able to reflect from its surface shiny when polished

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2
Q

Definition of Malleable

A

Able to be beaten or hammered, pressed into a sheet

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3
Q

Definition of Ductile

A

Able to be drawn into a wire

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4
Q

Metals

A

All have lustre when polished
Ductile
Good conductors of heat
Strong and Malleable
Most have high melting and boiling points

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5
Q

Non-metals

A

Do not conduct solids are brittle
Not ductile
Most of the solids are dull
Most have low melting and boiling points
Poor conductors of hear or may be used as insulators

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6
Q

Definition of Electrical conductivity

A

an electrically conductive substance easily allows the flow of an electrical current with minimal resistance. When there a free valence electrons that can move around freely to transfer electricity

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7
Q

Chemical Properties of Metals

A

All metals have 1,2 or 3 valence electrons
The metals are found on the left side of the Periodic Table
The activity series ranges metals in order of their chemical reactivity

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8
Q

Definition of the Activity Series

A

The reactivity series of metals refers to the arrangement of metals in the descending order of their reactivities

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9
Q

Metal + Oxygen ==>

A

Metal oxide

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10
Q

Metal + Water ==>

A

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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11
Q

Metal + Acid ==>

A

Salt + hydrogen

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12
Q

Copper Physical Properties

A

Highly ductile
Malleable
Excellent conductor of electricity and heat

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13
Q

Steel Physical Properties

A

Ductile
Strength
Corrosion Resistance
Conductivity

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14
Q

Lead Physical Properties

A

Malleable
Dense
Very soft
Poor conductor of electricity

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15
Q

Silver Physical Properties

A

Lustre
Ductile
Malleable
Excellent conductor of electricity and heat

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16
Q

Aluminium Physical Properties

A

Less dense
Malleable
Corrosion Resistant
High electrical conductivity

17
Q

Definition of a Displacement Reaction

A

A metal and an ionic solution react spontaneously. The metal and the metal ion swap.

18
Q

Definition of Alloy

A

A metal made by combining two or more elements, especially to give greater strength or resistance to corrosion.

19
Q

Definition of Allotrope

A

Allotropes are different forms of the same element, where the atoms combine in different ways, so at the same temperature and pressure they can exist in different forms.

20
Q

Carbon Allotropes

A

Diamond
Graphite
Graphene

21
Q

Oxygen Allotropes

A

Oxygen
Ozone

22
Q

Sulfur Allotropes

A

Rhombic
Plastic
Monoclinic

23
Q

Describe the Atomic Structure of Carbon

A

Carbon atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons and 6 electrons. The atom has 2 electron shells.

24
Q

Describe the Atomic Structure of Nitrogen

A

Nitrogen atom has 7 protons, 7 neutrons and 7 electrons. The atom has 2 electron shells.

25
Q

Describe the Atomic Structure of Oxygen

A

Oxygen atom has 8 protons, 8 electrons and 8 neutrons. The atom has 2 electron shells.

26
Q

Describe the Atomic Structure of Sulfur

A

Sulfur has 16 protons, 16 electrons and 16 neutrons. The atom has 3 electron shells.

27
Q

Describe the Atomic Structure of Chlorine

A

Chlorine has 17 protons, 17 electrons and 18 neutrons. The atom has 3 electron shells.

28
Q

Nitrogen Gas uses

A

Fertilisers
Food package to keep foods fresh
Nylon
Dyes
Explosives
Ammonia
Liquid Nitrogen

29
Q

Oxygen Gas uses

A

Refining + manufacture of steel
Rocket propulsion
Medical/ biological life support
Manufacture of stone/glass products

30
Q

Chlorine Gas uses

A

Bleaching agent
Sanitation process for sewage
Cleaning products
In the manufacture of hydrogen chloride and hydrochloric acid
Antiseptic to kill bacteria
Sterilise water in swimming and spa pools

Chemistry (3 decks)

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