Metals and Non-metals Flashcards
Malleable
able to be hammered or pressed into a sheet without breaking or cracking.
Ductile
able to be drawn out into a thin wire.
Lustre
shiny when polished, able to reflect light from its surface
Displacement reaction
A + B C = B + A C
Spectator ion
The ions which do not participate in chemical reactions and present the same on both sides of the reactions
Alloy
A mixture of two or more elements in a solid, in which the major component is a metal
Allotrope
The physical forms of an atom that contains quite different properties
Pure allotropes of carbon
Diamond - Graphite - Buckyballs - Graphene
Allotropes of oxygen
Oxygen - Ozone
Allotropes of sulfur
Rhombic Sulfur - Monoclinic Sulfur - Plastic Sulfur
Metal - metal bonding
Metallic bonds
Metal - non-metal bonding
Ionic bonds
Non-metal - non-metal bonding
Covalent bonds
Uses of nitrogen gas
To make an atmosphere inert, to prevent chemical reactions - used in large quantities to make ammonia gas by the Haber process - as a refrigerant - wart remover.
Uses of chlorine gas
In the manufacture of plastics, anaesthetics, insectoids, hydrogen chloride and hydrochloric acid - as a bleach for paper and cleaning detergent - sewage treatment - an antiseptic - to sterilize water
Uses of oxygen gas
In steel making to remove impurities from iron - for cutting and welding steel - in rocket fuels for space travel - to help with breathing in hospitals
State of oxygen at room temperature
gas
State of carbon at room temperature
solid
State of oxygen at room temperature
gas
State of sulfur at room temperature
solid
State differences between metals and non-metals (2)
1 - All metals except mercury are solid at room temp, non-metals can be all forms. 2 - Metals are a good conductor of electricity in solid or liquid state, no non-metals conduct electricity apart from graphite
Physical property differences between metals and non-metals (3)
1 - Metals are strong and malleable, most solid non-metals are brittle. 2 - Metals are ductile, non-metals are not. 3 - Metals all have lustre when polished, most non-metal solids are dull.
Chemical property differences between metals and non-metals (2)
1 - Most metals have a high melting and boiling point; non-metals mostly have low. 2 - Metals are good conductors of heat, non-metals are not and even used as insulators.
Sodium’s reaction with Air, Water and Acid
Air - Vigorous in cold air, Water - Vigorous in cold water, Acid - too violent
