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Chemistry > Metals and Non-metals > Flashcards

Metals and Non-metals Flashcards

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1
Q

Malleable

A

able to be hammered or pressed into a sheet without breaking or cracking.

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2
Q

Ductile

A

able to be drawn out into a thin wire.

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3
Q

Lustre

A

shiny when polished, able to reflect light from its surface

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4
Q

Displacement reaction

A

A + B C = B + A C

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5
Q

Spectator ion

A

The ions which do not participate in chemical reactions and present the same on both sides of the reactions

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6
Q

Alloy

A

A mixture of two or more elements in a solid, in which the major component is a metal

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7
Q

Allotrope

A

The physical forms of an atom that contains quite different properties

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8
Q

Pure allotropes of carbon

A

Diamond - Graphite - Buckyballs - Graphene

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9
Q

Allotropes of oxygen

A

Oxygen - Ozone

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10
Q

Allotropes of sulfur

A

Rhombic Sulfur - Monoclinic Sulfur - Plastic Sulfur

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11
Q

Metal - metal bonding

A

Metallic bonds

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12
Q

Metal - non-metal bonding

A

Ionic bonds

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13
Q

Non-metal - non-metal bonding

A

Covalent bonds

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14
Q

Uses of nitrogen gas

A

To make an atmosphere inert, to prevent chemical reactions - used in large quantities to make ammonia gas by the Haber process - as a refrigerant - wart remover.

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15
Q

Uses of chlorine gas

A

In the manufacture of plastics, anaesthetics, insectoids, hydrogen chloride and hydrochloric acid - as a bleach for paper and cleaning detergent - sewage treatment - an antiseptic - to sterilize water

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16
Q

Uses of oxygen gas

A

In steel making to remove impurities from iron - for cutting and welding steel - in rocket fuels for space travel - to help with breathing in hospitals

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17
Q

State of oxygen at room temperature

A

gas

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18
Q

State of carbon at room temperature

A

solid

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19
Q

State of oxygen at room temperature

A

gas

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20
Q

State of sulfur at room temperature

A

solid

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21
Q

State differences between metals and non-metals (2)

A

1 - All metals except mercury are solid at room temp, non-metals can be all forms. 2 - Metals are a good conductor of electricity in solid or liquid state, no non-metals conduct electricity apart from graphite

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22
Q

Physical property differences between metals and non-metals (3)

A

1 - Metals are strong and malleable, most solid non-metals are brittle. 2 - Metals are ductile, non-metals are not. 3 - Metals all have lustre when polished, most non-metal solids are dull.

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23
Q

Chemical property differences between metals and non-metals (2)

A

1 - Most metals have a high melting and boiling point; non-metals mostly have low. 2 - Metals are good conductors of heat, non-metals are not and even used as insulators.

24
Q

Sodium’s reaction with Air, Water and Acid

A

Air - Vigorous in cold air, Water - Vigorous in cold water, Acid - too violent

25
Q

Calcium’s reaction with Air, Water and Acid

A

Air - Vigorous in cold air, Water - Vigorous in cold water, Acid - too violent

26
Q

Magnesium’s reaction with Air, Water and Acid

A

Air - Vigorous in cold air, Water - Reacts with hot water and steam, Acid - Vigorous in cold acid

27
Q

Aluminium’s reaction with Air, Water and Acid

A

Air - Burns in air to form oxides, Water - Reacts with steam, Acid - Vigorous in hot acid

28
Q

Zinc’s reaction with Air, Water and Acid

A

Air - Burns in air to form oxides, Water - Reacts with steam, Acid - Vigorous in cold acid

29
Q

Iron’s reaction with Air, Water and Acid

A

Air - Burns in air to form oxides, Water - Reacts slowly with steam, Acid - Slower in cold acid

30
Q

Lead’s reaction with Air, Water and Acid

A

Air - Forms oxides but doesn’t burn, Water - Reacts very slowly with hot water, Acid - Slow with warm acid

31
Q

Copper’s reaction with Air, Water and Acid

A

Air - Forms oxides but doesn’t burn, Water - Not noticeable, Acid - No reaction

32
Q

What is the activity series

A

The activity series arranges metals in order of their chemical reactivity - Lovely Katie Never Can Manage A Zebra For She Punishes Him Cruelly, Again Amen Politely

33
Q

What is a displacement reaction

A

A metal and an ionic solution react spontaneously. The metal and metal ion swap (displace)

34
Q

What is used in electrical wiring in circuits and why?

A

Copper because it is ductile and is a conductor of electricity.

35
Q

What is used in producing fishing sinkers and why?

A

Lead because it is heavy enough to sink into the water and is unreactive in water.

36
Q

What is used in making the head of a sledge hammer and why?

A

Iron because it is lighter than many other metals while still being strong enough to chop wood.

37
Q

What is used in making fencing wire and why?

A

Iron because it is ductile and does not react with water or oxygen.

38
Q

What is used in making strong but light ladders and why?

A

Aluminium because it is light, strong and resistant to corrosion.

39
Q

What is used in building bridges and why?

A

Iron because it is strong, durable and dense.

40
Q

What is used in producing jewellery and why?

A

Silver and gold due to its lustre.

41
Q

What is used in making nails and why?

A

Iron due to its durability, strength and density.

42
Q

What is used in making dinghies and small boats and why?

A

Aluminium because it is strong, lightweight and has good corrosion resistance properties.

43
Q

What is used in making the bottom of cooking pots and why?

A

Copper because it is a very good conductor of heat meaning it will heat the pot up faster.

44
Q

Describe the physical properties of aluminium: color, malleable, ductile, lustre, electrical conductivity.

A

silver, malleable, ductile, dull silver, conducts electricity

45
Q

Describe the physical properties of calcium: color, malleable, ductile, lustre, electrical conductivity.

A

silvery-white, malleable, ductile, lustrous, conducts electricity

46
Q

Describe the physical properties of carbon: color, malleable, ductile, lustre, electrical conductivity.

A

dark grey/black, malleable, brittle, lustrous as diamond and/or graphite, graphite conducts electricity

47
Q

Describe the physical properties of copper: color, malleable, ductile, lustre, electrical conductivity.

A

reddy-brown metal, malleable, ductile, lustrous, conducts electricity

48
Q

Describe the physical properties of iron: color, malleable, ductile, lustre, electrical conductivity.

A

silver/grey, malleable, ductile, lustrous, conducts electricity

49
Q

Describe the physical properties of lead: color, malleable, ductile, lustre, electrical conductivity.

A

Silver/grey, malleable, ductile, lustrous, poor conductor of electricity.

50
Q

Describe the physical properties of magnesium: color, malleable, ductile, lustre, electrical conductivity.

A

grey/white, malleable, ductile, lustrous, conducts electricity.

51
Q

Describe the physical properties of sulfur: color, malleable, ductile, lustre, electrical conductivity.

A

yellow/orange, not malleable, not ductile, lustrous, not a conductor of electricity.

52
Q

Describe the physical properties of zinc: color, malleable, ductile, lustre, electrical conductivity.

A

silver/white, not malleable at room temperature, ductile, lustrous, conducts electricity

53
Q

Word equation for oxygen

A

Metal + Oxygen –> Metal oxide

54
Q

Word equation for water

A

Metal + Water –> Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen

55
Q

Word equation for acid

A

Metal + Acid –> Salt + Hydrogen

56
Q

Elements in group one of the periodic table are stored in…

A

oil

Chemistry (1 decks)

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