Metals and Non-Metal Flashcards
Define Metals from an electronic viewpoint
Metals are elements which form positive ions by losing electrons.
Define Non-Metals from an electronic viewpoint
Non-Metals are element which form negative ions by gaining electrons
What are metalloids?
Elements that have properties of metals and non-metals
How many valence electrons do metals have?
1,2 or 3
How many valence electrons do non-metals have?
5,6 or 7
How many valence electrons do metalloids have?
4
What are ores?
Rocks that have a profitable amount of metal in them are called ores.
What are the impurities in ores called?
gangue
Chemical formula of Rock Salt
NaCl
Chemical formula of dolomite
CaCO3 . MgCO3
Bauxite chemical formula
Al2O3
Iron pyrites chemical Formula
FeS2
Haematite chemical formula
Fe2O3
Copper Glance chemical formula
CuS
Zinc Blende chemical formula
ZnS
Series of processes to extract metals from their ores is called _______.
Metallurgy
What is the chief element that makes up the sun and other stars?
Hydrogen
____% of water by weight is Hydrogen
11
How does nitrogen occur in the combined state?
Chile Saltpetre (NaNO3) and nitre(KNO3)
Oxygen constitutes ___% of mass of water
89
Coal contains ____% of Carbon
60-90
How does carbon occur in the free state?
carbon occurs as graphite, diamond and coal in the free state.
______ is the most abundant element in the earth’s crust
Oxygen
_____ is the second most abundant element in the earth’s crust
Silicon
How does silicon occur in the free state?
As Silica (SiO2) and Silicates.
What is the most common form of silica?
Sand.
Metals are generally solid at room temperature. One exception is _____.
Mercury
Metals are generally hard and strong. Exceptions are ______
Sodium and Potassium
Non-metals do not have metallic luster, exceptions are _____
graphite and iodine.
Non-metals are generally not so hard and strong. Exception is ____.
Diamond.
Non-metals are generally bad conductors of electricity. Exceptions are _____.
Graphite.
Metals generally have high melting or boiling points. Exceptions are _____.
Potassium and Sodium.
Most metals have ____ specific gravities.
High.
Specific gravity of iron
7.8
Specific gravity of copper.
8.7
Specific gravity of lead.
11.3
Specific gravity of mercury
13.6
Specific gravity of gold
19.3
Which metals have specific gravities less than 1?
Sodium and Potassium.
Oxygen reacts with metals and non-metals to produce ____.
oxides.
most metals react with oxygen to give ______ oxides.
basic
What is formed when Sulphur dioxide is dissolved in water?
Sulphurous acid.
non-metals react with oxygen to give _____ oxides
acidic
Metals react with water to form _____.
oxides, hydroxides and hydrogen.
Metals react with acids to form ______ and liberate _____.
the corresponding salt; hydrogen.
Use of pig iron
to make pipes, sinks, storage tanks, railings, cylinders, etc.
What is wrought iron?
A tough, malleable form a iron with less carbon
Steel contains ___% of carbon
0.5-1.5
Uses of wrought iron
nails, bolts, chains, wire nets, agricultural tools, etc.
Uses of steel
construction of buildings, ships, bridges, railway lines, etc.
Uses of stainless steel
to make utensils, knives, etc.
uses of copper
making electrical wires and cables, electrical appliances, heating utensils, car radiators and calorimeters, forming useful alloys.
Uses of aluminium
making cooking utensils, car radiators, packing food aluminium powder is used as paint to prevent rusting of iron.
Uses of zinc
dry cells, galvanizing, preparation of useful alloys like brass, bronze, German silver.
Uses of zinc
Making electrodes for automobile batteries, making alloys such as solder and type metals
Uses of tin.
Making food containers, making alloys such as solder and bronze.
Chromium uses
electroplating iron.
Nickel uses
making alloys, electroplating
Titanium uses
Making aircraft bodies
Mercury uses
Thermometers and barometers
Silicon uses
Electronic and computer industries, Manufacturing silicones
Sulfur uses
Making sulfuric acid, vulcanization of rubber, skin ointments, insecticide/fungicide of spraying on fruit trees
Uses of phosphorus
Making matchboxes and firework industry, phosphate fertilizers
Uses of graphite
“lead” of pencils, electrodes in dry cells and electronic arcs, as a lubricant
Diamond uses
jewellery, cutting tools
Charcoal uses
in filters to purify air and water.
Coal use
Fuel
Hydrogen uses
Making ammonia, extraction of metals, oxy-hydrogen flame
______ is considered to be a non-polluting fuel of the future.
Hydrogen
Ammonia uses
Making fertilizers such as urea and ammonium sulphate.
What are noble metals?
Unreactive metals.
Name the methods of prevention of rusting
Painting or applying a layer of oil, galvanizing, electroplating, anodizing of aluminium, alloying
constituents of brass`
copper, zinc
brass properties
hard, corrosion resistant
brass uses
utensils, electrical goods, cartridge containers, parts of watches and musical instruments
bronze constituents
copper, tin
bronze properties
hard, corrosion resistant
bronze uses
statues, bearings
solder constituents
lead, tin
solder properties
low melting point
solder uses
joining metals
steel constituents
iron, carbon
steel properties
very strong
steel uses
bodies of ships and other vehicles, bridges, railway lines, construction of buildings
stainless steel constituents
iron, chromium, nickel
stainless steel properties
very strong, does not rust
stainless steel uses
utensils, cutlery, surgical instruments
duralumin other name
duralium
duralumin constituents
aluminium, copper, magnesium, manganese
duralumin properties
light and strong
duralumin uses
bodies of airplanes and vehicles
magnalium constituents
aluminium, magnesium
magnalium propeties
light and strong
magnalium uses
balances and other light instruments, bodies of airplanes and vehicles
German silver constituents
copper, zinc, nickel
German silver properties
high electrical resistance
German silver uses
utensils, electric heaters, resistors.
