Metals and Materials Flashcards
List the properties of metal
Lustre: Metals are shiny when freshly cut.
Malleable: Metals can be bent or hammered into a new shape.
Ductile: Metals can be stretched into thin wires.
Sonorus: Metals make sound when hit.
Conductors: Metals are good heat and electrical conductors.
They usually have high melting points.
They are usually strong and hard.
They are dense (heavy for their size).
Explain the uses of metals relating to their properties
Lustre: shiny metals such as gold can be used for decorative purposes and jewellery.
Ductile: metals can be stretched into any shape for future uses.
Conductivity: can be used for pans or wires.
Sonorus: May be used for instruments such as gongs.
Malleable: to mould metals into specific shapes.
Describe the relation between metals and the reactivity series
The reactivity series ranks metals by how willingly they react.
Arrange metals in descending order of reactivity
Relate reactivity to corrosion
A corrosive material is a highly reactive substance.
Describe rusting
Rust is the name used when iron (Fe) corrodes. When iron reacts with oxygen it forms iron oxide. It is a reddish orange powder of hydrated iron oxide. Both water and oxygen are needed for iron to rust. Iron will rust when iron atoms give electrons to oxygen atoms that are dissolved in water.
Summarise reactions of metals with oxygen water and acid
Write word, symbol balanced symbol equations for the reactions of metals with oxygen, water and acid
What are organic and inorganic compound in terms of carbon
Organic: All compounds that contain the element carbon (excluding carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and carbonate)
Inorganic: All compounds that do not contain the element carbon (excluding carbon dioxide carbon monoxide and carbonate).
Define a hydrocarbon
An organic compound consisting of hydrogen and carbon.
Describe and name the first four alkanes and draw their structures
Organic compounds that consist entirely of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms. Methane, Ethane, Propane, and Butane.
What are polymers and monomers in terms of plastic
Plastics are polymers, monomers are smaller units that make up polymers in a long chain.
State the differences between thermosetting plastics and thermoplastics
Thermoplastic: These become soft when heated and can be remoulded by heart.
Thermoset plastic: Once set these cannot be softened or remoulded by heat.
List common plastics (name their monomer and polymer) and their uses
Polymer: PVC monomer: vinyl chloride.
Polymer: Polystyrene monomer: styrene
Describe the uses of plastics and problems with plastics
What is an alloy
A mixture of different metal elements. They have useful properties different to the pure metals that make them up.
What are some examples of alloys
Brass, Copper, Zinc, Bronze, Steel, iron, chronium and nickel.
Write the word equation for rusting
iron + oxygen –> Iron oxide
Describe how Iron forms three ions
What is oxidation
Is the name for any reaction where oxygen reacts with another substance it occurs rapidly when we burn something but occurs much more slowly in the case of rusting
Describe sacrificial protection and galvanising
Sacrificial protection: When a metal is coated or wrapped with a more reactive metal that gives away its electrons instead.
Galvanising: Coating an iron surface with a layer of zinc.
Explain why there are a lot of organic compounds
There are a lot of organic compounds because carbon atoms have 4 electrons in its valence shell, meaning it can form 4 covalent bonds with neighbouring atoms.
Explain covalent bonds
strong bonds between atoms, as a result of sharing their outermost electron.
What are the organic families
Carbohydrates: glucose, sugar, starch, cellulose
Fats and plant oils: Essential in all living things
Protein: complicated molecules containing the element nitrogen
Hydrocarbons: contain the elements hydrogen and carbon only
Alcohols: similar to hydrocarbons but they have an
-OH group.
What is an allotrope
When there are different physical forms of the same chemical element.
E.g diamond and graphite of carbon.
