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Chemistry > Metals > Flashcards

Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

What do metals always conduct?

A

Electricity and heat

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2
Q

All metals are solid at room temperature except one. Which metal?

A

Mercury

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3
Q

What are methods used to extract metals from their ores dependent on?

A

The position of the metal in the reactivity series.

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4
Q

What can be used to show rusting occurring?

A

Ferroxyl indicator

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5
Q

Certain metals are used to protect iron from rusting. What is the use of certain metals related to?

A

Their relative position to iron in the electrochemical series.

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6
Q

What happens when different metals are connected by an electrolyte?

A

An electric current flows from one metal to the other through connecting wires.

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7
Q

What is an alloy?

A

And alloy is a mixture of elements, one of which has to be a metal.

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8
Q

What is metallic bonding?

A

The electrostatic force of attraction between positively charged ions and delocalised electrons.

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9
Q

Why are metallic elements conductors of electricity?

A

Because they contain delocalised electrons.

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10
Q

Metal + oxygen –> _________

A

Metal oxide

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11
Q

Metal + water –> _____ + _____

A

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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12
Q

Metal + dilute acid –> ______ + _______

A

Salt + hydrogen

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13
Q

How are metals used to produce soluble salts?

A
  • excess metal is added to the appropriate acid
  • the mixture is filtered
  • the filtrate is evaporated to dryness (salt)
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14
Q

What is a reduction reaction?

A

Reduction is a gain of electrons.

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15
Q

What is an oxidation reaction?

A

Oxidation is a loss of electrons.

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16
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

When reduction and oxidation take place at the same time.

17
Q

What happens to metal ions during the extraction of metals?

A

Metal ions are reduced forming metal atoms.

18
Q

What does the metal used to extract a metal from its ore depend on?

A

The position of the metal in the reactivity series.

19
Q

What are the methods used for extracting metals from their ores?

A
  • Electrolysis
  • Heating with carbon or carbon monoxide
  • Heat alone
20
Q

What method is used to extract the most reactive metals from their ores?

A

Electrolysis

21
Q

Why is electrolysis used to extract the most reactive metals from ores?

A

Because the ores are very stable so high energy is required to extract the metal.

22
Q

What method is used to extract medium reactivity metals from their ores?

A

Heating with carbon or carbon monoxide.

23
Q

Why is heating with carbon or carbon monoxide used to extract medium reactivity metals from their ores?

A

The ores are fairly stable, need more than just heat to extract the metal.

24
Q

Why is heating alone used to extract unreactive metals from their ores?

A

The ores are unstable, does not need much energy to extract the metal.

25
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

Electrolysis is the decomposistion of an ionic compound into its elements using electricity.

26
Q

What kind of supply must be used for electrolysis?

A

A d.c. power supply must be used.

27
Q

During electrolysis, what happens at the negative electrode?

A

Positive ions gain electrons and the negative electrode.

28
Q

During electrolysis, what happens and the positive electrode?

A

Negative ions lose electrons at the positive electrode.

29
Q

What are electrolytes?

A

Electrically conducting solutions containing ions.

30
Q

How can a simple cell be made?

A

By placing two metals in an electrolyte.

31
Q

What is an ion bridge/salt bridge used for?

A

To link half cells

32
Q

What are half cells?

A

Metals in solutions if their own ions.

33
Q

What happens using an ion bridge?

A

Ions move across the bridge to complete an electrical circuit.

34
Q

What can be used as an electrode to produce electricity when at least one of the half-cells does not involve metal ions?

A

A graphite rod.

35
Q

How does the voltage produced by two elements depend on the electrochemical series when they are used to make an electrochemical cell?

A

The further apart elements are in the electrochemical series, the greater the voltage produced when they are used to create an electrochemical cell.

36
Q

Which way do electrons flow in the external circuit of an electrochemical cell?

A

From the species higher in the electrochemical series to the one lower in the electrochemical series.

Chemistry (9 decks)

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