Metals Flashcards
Ferrous metal
iron is predominantly
wrought iron, cast iron, steel
Non-ferrous
other metals
copper, lead , zinc, aluminium, titanium
Wrought iron
heated ans then worked with tools
Cast iron
melted, poured into a mouls and soldified
Steel
iron-carbon system
Iron, carbon, alloying element
Alloys
micture of metallic elements
- BRASS - copper and zinc
- BRONZE - copper and tin
Carbon steel
as you add more carbon the steel becomes stonger, less ductile and more difficult to work with
cast iron = more than 2% carbon
what does ductility mean?
ability to be deformed under tensile stress without lossing toughness
what does malleability mean?
compressive stress
What would happen if you added chromium to an alloy?
srongly increase hadrenability
improves corrosion resistance
high-temperature strength
Additive vs. impurity
improves strength
adverse impact another property such as ductility, toughness and weldability
The atomic arrangement of alloys
two ways
- substructional (e.g. nickel and chromium) - added elements can take hosts space
- interstitial (e.g. carbon) - occupy space between atoms of the host
types of steel
carbon steel = 90% of total steel production
alloy steel = cheaper
stainless steel = chromium added for corrosion resistance
tool steel = hard and durable
Process of making steel
- blast furnace steelmaking
- electric air furnace steelmaking
1- iron making 2- primary steelmaking 3- secondary steelmaking 4- continuous casting 5 - primary forming 6 - fabrication and finish
Steel process appliances
raw materials blast furnace converter ladle continuous casting slabs / billet / bloom plate/rods and tubes / structural, shape and rails
