Metals Flashcards
What is metallic bonding?
Metallic bonding is the electrostatic force of attraction between positively charged ions and
delocalised (free to move) electrons.
Why are metallic elements conductors of electricity?
Metallic elements contain delocalised electrons.
What can metals react with?
Water, acid and oxygen.
List 5 metals that react with water, oxygen and acid.
- Potassium
- Sodium
- Lithium
- Calcium
- Magnesium
List 5 metals that react with water and acid.
- Aluminium
- Zinc
- Iron
- Tin
- Lead
List 2 metals that react with oxygen.
- Copper
2. Mercury
List 2 metals that do not react with water, acid or oxygen.
- Silver (This may react over a long period of time)
2. Gold
What products are made when a metal reacts with water?
Metal Hydroxide and Hydrogen
What products are made when a metal reacts with acid?
Metal Salt and Hydrogen
What products are formed when a metal reacts with oxygen?
Metal oxide
What happens when metals form ions?
They give away one or more of their outer electrons.
Give 2 examples of metals that lose their outer electrons easily?
Lithium and Sodium.
Give 2 examples of metals that DO NOT lose their outer electrons easily?
Silver and Gold
What is the electrochemical series?
A list of metals arranged in rank order of how easily the metal atoms lose electrons.
*This can be found in the SQA Data Booklet.
Which properties do metals have that make them useful? (4)
Strength
Malleability
Conduction of electricity
Conduction of heat.
What are metal ores?
Ores are naturally occurring rocks that contain metals or metal compounds in sufficient amounts to make it worthwhile extracting them.
What determines the method used to extract the metal from the ore?
Depends upon the reactivity of the metal and so how stable the ore is.
What happens when the metal ion in the compound gains electrons?
They are reduced.
How can metals of low reactivity be extracted?
By use of heat.
Give an example of an extraction of a metal with low reactivity.
Silver oxide → [heat] → silver and oxygen
Metals with low reactivity only need to be heated.
How can metals of medium reactivity be extracted?
By use of heat and carbon or carbon monoxide
Give an example of an extraction of a metal with medium reactivity.
Iron oxide → [carbon + heat] → iron + carbon dioxide.
How can metals of high reactivity be extracted?
By use of electrolysis.