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Chemistry Sec 4 > Metals > Flashcards

Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four general properties of metal?

A

Good conductor of electricity
Good conductor of heat
They are ductile and malleable
They have high density, high boiling point or melting points

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2
Q

Why are pure metals not widely used in industry?

A

Pure metals are soft

Pure metals may corrode easily by reacting with air and water

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3
Q

Why pure metals are soft, ductile and malleable?

A

In pure metal, the atoms of the same size are packed regularly in layers.
The layers of atoms can slide over one another easily when a force is applied

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4
Q

What is an alloy?

A

An alloy is a mixture of a metal with one or a few other elements

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5
Q

Why metals are often used as alloy?

A

To make metal harder and stronger (Brass)
To improve the appearance of metals (Pewter)
To lower the melting points of metals (Solder)
To make metals more resistant to corrosion (Cupronickel)

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6
Q

Why are alloy stronger and harder than pure metals?

A

In an alloy, the atoms of the different metals or elements have different sizes
The atoms of different size are no longer in a regular arrangement
Thus, they cannot slide over each other easily when a force is applied

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7
Q

Why metals are good conductor of heat

A

The mobile electrons of metal allows it to conduct heat

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8
Q

Reactivity Series of Metal

A 
Pottasium (K)
Sodium (Na)
Calcium (Ca0)
Magnesium (Mg)
Aluminium (Al)
XXXXXX Carbon (C) (Guideline)
Zinc (Zn)
Iron (Fe)
Tin (Sn
Lead (Pb)
XXXXXX Hydrogen (H) (Guideline)
Copper (Cu)
Silver (Ag)
Gold (Au)
Platinum (Pt)
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9
Q

When Metal reacts with COLD WATER, what are the products?

A

Metal HYDROXIDE + Hydrogen

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10
Q

When Metal reacts with STEAM, what are the products?

A

Metal OXIDE + Hydrogen

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11
Q

What are the metals that reacts with cold water, what are the observation? React Violently? No reaction? Follow Reactivity Series.

A

Potassium and Sodium react violently with cold water,enough heat is produced cause the hydrogen to catch fire and explode. Potassium duck about on the surface of the water.

Calcium and Magnesium react readily

ZINC and BELOW no reaction

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12
Q

What are the metals that reacts with steam, what are the observation? React Violently? No reaction? Follow Reactivity Series.

A

PSC react explosively.
(Dangerous and not safe to use)

Magnesium react to form Magnesium Oxide (WHITE SOLID)
A bright white glow is produce during the reaction

Zinc react to form Zinc Oxide (Yellow colour when hot and white when its is cold)

Iron reacts, must be constantly heated.

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13
Q

When Metal reacts with Hydrocloric Acid, what are the products?

A

Metal Chloride + Hydrogen

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14
Q

What are the metals that reacts with Hydrocloric Acid, what are the observation? React Violently? No reaction? Follow Reactivity Series.

A

Potassium and Sodium react explosively
(Dangerous and not safe to use)

Calcium to Iron react normally

Lead has NO reaction because the initial reaction will form an insoluble layer of Lead(II) Chloride

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15
Q

Displacement Reaction means?

Hint: Reactive, solution or Oxide

A

A more reactive metal can replace a less reactive metal from ITS SALT SOLUTION or ITS OXIDE

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16
Q

What is the colour of copper(II) sulfate?

A

Blue

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17
Q

What is the colour of Iron(II) sulfate

A

Green

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18
Q

What is the colour of Zinc, Lead and Iron

A

Grey

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19
Q

What is the colour of Copper Oxide (CuO)

A

Black

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20
Q

What are the metals that can be reduced by Carbon?

A

Aluminium and Above CANNOT
Zinc and Below Can

Carbon is more reactive than Zinc

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21
Q

When Metal Oxide reacts with Carbon, what are the products?

A

Metal + Carbon dioxide

22
Q

Which method can be used to reduce metals from Aluminium to Potassium (Al to K)

A

Electrolysis

23
Q

When Metal Oxide reacts with Hydrogen, what are the products?

A

Metal + STEAM

24
Q

What are the metals that can/cannot be reduced by Hydrogen?

A

Zinc and above CANNOT

Iron and below CAN

25
Q

In the apparatus of reduction of Metal oxide using Hydrogen, why is that the hydrogen gas come out from the tube is burning?

A

Hydrogen form an explosive mixture with the oxygen in the air

26
Q

When metal CARBONATE is heated, what are the products formed?

A

Metal Oxide + Carbon dioxide

Metal + Carbon dioxide (Silver only)

27
Q

What are the metal CARBONATE that can/cannot be reduced by heating?

A 
Potassium and Sodium Carbonate CANNOT
Calcium to Copper Carbonate Can
(Metal OXIDE + CO2)
Silver Can
(Silver + CO2)
28
Q

What is the main ore of iron?

What does it contain?

A

Haematite contains Iron(III) Oxide, Sand and Clay

29
Q

What are the materials that needs to add into the blast furnace for the extraction iron?

A

Haematite, Limestone (Calcium Carbonate) and Coke (Mainly Carbon)

30
Q

5 Steps/Reaction of Extracting iron in Blast Furnace?

A

Carbon + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide
Carbon in coke react with oxygen in the air

Carbon + Carbon dioxide = Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide react with more coke

Carbon monoxide + Iron(III) oxide = Iron + Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide react with haematite, iron formed

Calcium Carbonate = Calcium Oxide + Carbon dioxide
Calcium Carbonate is decomposed by heat

Calcium Oxide + Silicon Dioxide = Calcium silicate
Calcium Oxide reacts with the ACIDIC impurities to form SLAG

31
Q

Why coke is added in the blast furnace and react with oxygen when it is actually nothing to do with reaction of extracting the iron?

A

Coke is added in to react with oxygen so as to give out a lots of heat to heat up the blast furnace.
Carbon + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide
is a highly EXOTHERMIC reaction

32
Q

Why iron is below the slag in the blast furnace?

A

Iron has a higher density

33
Q

Why limestone is added in the blast furnace?

A

To remove ACIDIC impurities (Silicon Dioxide)

34
Q

Is steel is mixture?

A

Yes, Steel is a mixture of iron and/or other metals

35
Q

What are the four types of steel?

A

Low carbon steel/ Mild steel
High carbon steel
Manganese steel
Stainless steel

36
Q

What is properties and uses of Low carbon steel/ Mild steel?

A

Hard, strong and malleable

Use to make car bodies and machinery

37
Q

What is properties and uses of high carbon steel?

A

Strong BUT brittle

Knife and hammer

38
Q

What is properties and uses of Manganese Steel?

A

Hard and strong BUT NOT malleable

Springs and drills

39
Q

What is properties and uses of Stainless steel

A

Resistant to corrosion (DO NOT RUST)

Surgical equipment and equipment in chemical plant

40
Q

Use which word for iron ONLY?
Use which word for other metals?
Hint: Reaction with oxygen

A

Use the word “Rust” for iron

Use the word “Corrode” for Other metals

41
Q

What is the condition require for RUSTING to occur?

A

Presence of water and air

42
Q

What substances can speed up the process of rusting?

A

Carbon Dioxide, Sodium Chloride and Sulfur Dioxide

43
Q

What are the three general types of rust prevention?

A

Using a protective layer
Using Alloys
Using a sacrificial metal

44
Q

What are the methods to add on a protective layer on iron or steel to prevent rusting?
Why prevent rusting?

A

Coat with paint
Cover with plastic
Electroplating (Copper, Silver, Tin)

Prevent air and water to come in contact with the iron or steel?

45
Q

What are the examples of using a sacrificial metal to prevent rusting?
Why a sacrificial metal prevent rusting?

A

Add bars of zinc to ship’s hull
Attached heavy blocks of magnesium to the underground pipes

By using a more reactive metal, the more reactive metal will CORRODE first, before the iron RUST

46
Q

Which alloy to prevent rusting

Why an alloy prevent rusting?

A

Stainless Steel
Stainless steel contain chromium, when exposed to moisture, a very hard coating of Chromium(III) Oxide is form to prevent further corrosion

47
Q

Two advantages of recycling metals?

A

Recycling helps to conserve natural resources. Extraction of metal from its ore require a lot of energy which is generated by the burning of fossil fuel, which left only a little on the earth. By recycling, we can conserve this natural resources

Recycling can save the cost of extracting metal from their ore. Huge landfill sites is dug to dispose the waste from metal extraction. If metal is recycled, fewer landfills will be required and this will save on the cost of building landfill sites

48
Q

Why recycling metals can be costly?

A

The cost of transportation of scrap metal to processing plant
Different types of metal has to be separated and cleaned before recycling
Cost of recycling is higher than extracting, especially recycling a metal that is not valuable

49
Q

Why recycling of metal is not effective in society?

A

It takes time and effort for the communities to adopt recycling as a lifestyle

50
Q

Why recycling of metal cause pollution? Example?

A

Lead can be recycled from used car batteries. During the process of recycling, the batteries are melted and produce harmful gases which is released into the environment

Chemistry Sec 4 (3 decks)

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