Metals Flashcards
What are native metals?
Metals that do not have to be extracted as they occur naturally, silver, gold and platinum
What is the point of refining the reactivity series?
So that we know how difficult it is to extract the metal from its ore
Are metal oxides alkaline or acidic?
Alkaline
What does ‘tarnish’ mean?
A metal tarnishes when it has been exposed to oxygen and a thin layer of metal oxide forms on the surface. Not all metals tarnish
How can you tell which metal is the most reactive by looking at its reaction with oxygen?
It’s reaction with oxygen tells us how reactive or unreactive it is
Aluminiums reaction with oxygen and heat
After 2.5 minutes under a roaring blue flame it melted a little, no tarnishing before
Zinc’s reaction with oxygen and heat
First tarnished with pinky brown oxide layer but it could be wiped off.
Bigger tarnish in roaring blue flame
Magnesium’s reaction with oxygen and heat
First tarnished and the oxide layer was hard to rub off
In roaring blue flame at 20 seconds there was a spark and then at 24 seconds it gave off a white light. Afterwards it fell apart every easily and was black and was very brittle
Iron’s reaction with heat and oxygen
No tarnish
When put on a soft blue flame, Gives off a bad smell, after 23 seconds it starts to tarnish form the bottom up and turned black
Copper’s reaction with oxygen and heat
Tarnished a bit with browny/orange discolouration and could not be rubbed off
When in blue flame it went a darker colour
What can we tell from a metal’s reaction with acid?
The more reactive the metal, the faster the reaction will go
Speed of the reaction indicated by the amount of bubbles given off
Word equation for metal and acid reaction
Acid + metal —> Salt + Hydrogen
What type of salt will form when a metal is reacted with hydrochloric acid?
Chloride salts
E.G. Hydrochloric acid + magnesium —> magnesium chloride + hydrogen
What type of salt will form when a metal is reacted with sulfuric acid?
Sulfate salts
E.G. Sulfuric acid + magnesium —> magnesium sulfate + hydrogen
What is the word equation for metals reaction with water? ( and steam)
Metal + water —> metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Less reactive Metal + steam —> metal oxide + hydrogen
Examples of metals that will vigorously react with water
Potassium, sodium, lithium and calcium
Example of metal that will not really react with water but will react with steam
Magnesium, zinc and iron
What metal won’t react with either water or steam?
Copper
Magnesiums reaction with water and acid
Water - No Reaction
Acid - Without heat, it fizzes and floats creating a white foam layer on top of the acid. It heats and gives off a vapour. After about a minute it has reacted with the acid and is gone.
Copper’s reaction with water and acid
Water - no reaction
Acid - Gurgling after about 40 secs. Acid goes yellow and oxide layer/tarnish is removed after 1min 10secs. Other than that no physical change to copper
Iron’s reaction with water and acid
Water - no reaction
Acid - No heat, tarnish comes off almost immediately. Bubbles formed on the nail. Gives off hydrogen
Calcium’s reaction with water and acid
Water - Instantly reacted and fizzed
Aluminium’s reaction with water and acid and steam
Water - Mixed and fizzed a lot
Acid - Violent reaction bubbled over test tube
Steam - Fizzing (hydrogen being given off) bubbling
Zinc’s reaction with water and acid
Water - No reaction
Acid - Many bubbles once heated
Steam - Few bubbles
Why do displacement reactions occur with metals?
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal
What happens if you put a reactive metal into a solution of a less reactive metal salt? Give an example
The reactive metal will replace the less reactive metal in the salt
E.G. Copper sulphate + iron —> iron sulphate + copper
Because iron is more reactive than copper it displaces the copper out of the sulphate solution
The reactivity series with their symbol
Potassium - K sodium - Na lithium - Li calcium - Ca magnesium - Mg aluminium - Al (carbon) zinc - Zn iron - Fe tin - Sn lead - Pb (hydrogen) copper - Cu silver - Ag gold - Au platinum - Pt
Way to remember the reactivity series?
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