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Resistant Materials GCSE > Metals > Flashcards

Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

Metals can be classified into two main groups. What are they?

A

Ferrous metals Non-ferrous metals

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2
Q

What are ferrous metals?

A

A ferrous metal contains iron (ferrite) and carbon.

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3
Q

What is a non-ferrous metal?

A

A non-ferrous metal does not contain iron.

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4
Q

What is a ferrous alloy?

A

Ferrous alloys are a mixture of two or metals - at least one of which contains iron and carbon.

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5
Q

What is a non-ferrous alloy?

A

A non-ferrous alloy is a mixture of two or more metals - none of which contain iron.

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6
Q

Name four ferrous metals.

A
  • Cast Iron
  • Mild Steel
  • Medium Carbon Steel
  • High carbon steel
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7
Q

Name at least five non-ferrous metals.

A
  • Aluminium
  • Copper
  • Lead
  • Tin
  • Zinc
  • Titanium
  • Platinum
  • Gold
  • Silver
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8
Q

Name three ferrous alloys.

A
  • Stainless steel
  • High speed steel
  • Die (tool) steel
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9
Q

Name three non-ferrous alloys.

A
  • Brass
  • Bronze
  • Duralumin
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10
Q

Gold is the only metal found in a useable form. All other metals are extracted from ores. Which ores contain the following metals - iron, copper, aluminium, lead, tin, zinc?

A

Iron is found in magnetite and haematite Copper is found in chalcopyrite Aluminium is found in bauxite Lead is found in galena Tin is found in cassiterite Zinc is found in zinc blende

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11
Q

What is added to iron to strengthen it? What is this material called?

A

Iron is combined with carbon to produce steel.

* The amount of carbon determines the strength and hardness of the steel.

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12
Q

What are the two most common metal ores?

A
  • Aluminium is the earth’s most common ore (bauxite).

* Iron is the second most abundant metal ore.To find out more click hereand here

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13
Q

The structure of all metals are made from what?

A

CrystalsEach crystal has a boundary that is firmly bonded to the boundary of a neighbouring crystal.

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14
Q

How is iron converted from either haematite or magnetite ore?

A

The ore is heated in a blast furnace. The impurities (slag) are removed from the surface. The material produced is called “pig iron”. Pig iron is then converted into steel by adding carbon in a basic oxygen furnace.To find out more click hereand hereand here

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15
Q

What effects are produced by increasing the carbon content in irons and steels?(see the “Properties of materials” deck for key word definitions)

A

The material becomes harder Toughness is reduced and the material becomes more brittle. Cast Iron can be brittle under impact. Medium and High Carbon steels can be heat treated to make them stronger and harder. The material can then be used for cutting tools (mild steel has insufficient carbon to be heat treated).

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16
Q

What is the carbon content % of Mild Steel?

A

Less than 0.3%

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17
Q

What is the carbon content % of Medium Carbon Steel?

A

0.3 to 0.6%

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18
Q

What is the carbon content % of High Carbon Steel?

A

0.6 to 1.7%

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19
Q

What is the carbon content % of cast iron?

A

3.5%

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20
Q

Nameat least three uses for mild steel.

A
  • Nuts
  • Bolts
  • Washers
  • Car body panels
  • Panels for fridge freezers and other white goods
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21
Q

Nametwo uses for medium carbon steel.

A
  • Springs

* General gardening tools

22
Q

Name at least three uses for high carbon steel.

A
  • Hand tools
  • Scribers
  • Dot Punches
  • Chisels
  • Plane blades
23
Q

Name at least three uses for cast iron.

A
  • Castings
  • Manhole covers
  • Engine blocks
  • Machine parts
  • Brake Discs
  • Vice jaws
24
Q

Although aluminium ore (bauxite) is the most abundant ore in the Earth’s crust, it is not the most processed metal - steel is. Why?

A

Aluminium is difficult to process, required large amounts of energy. It is therefore more expensive to produce.

25
Q

Namethree common uses for aluminium.

A
  • Saucepans
  • Overhead power cabels
  • Engine blocks
  • Brake calipers
  • Car Body panels
  • Aircraft parts
26
Q

Namethree common uses for copper.

A
  • Electric contacts
  • domestic water pipe work
  • electrical cable
  • jewellery
27
Q

Namethree common uses for gold.

A
  • Jewellery
  • Electronic components
  • Switch and cable contacts
  • SIM cards
28
Q

Namea common use for lead.

A
  • Flashing on roofs - where the tiles meet the brickwork
29
Q

Nametwo common uses for platinum.

A
  • Expensive jewellery

* Thermocouple cables

30
Q

Nametwo common uses for silver.

A
  • Expensive cutlery
  • Jewellery
  • Solder
  • Ornaments
31
Q

Nametwo common uses for tin.

A
  • Coating for steel food cans

* food wrapping (foil)

32
Q

Nametwo common uses for titanium.

A
  • Hip replacements
  • spectacle frames
  • aerospace parts due to it’s high strength to weight ratio
33
Q

Name at least three common uses for zinc.

A
  • A coating for steel (galvanising and zinc plating)
  • buckets
  • electrical unit casings
  • lock mechanisms
  • high detail die castings
34
Q

List at least four benefits of alloying metals.

A

changes the melting point changes the colour increases strength, hardness and ductility enhances resistance to corrosion and oxidation changes electrical/thermal properties improves flow properties, producing better castingsFor more information click here

35
Q

What metals are alloyed to produce duralumin and what is it commonly used for?

A

Duralumin is an alloy ofaluminium and 4% copper, 1% manganese and 0.1% magnesium.
* It is used for structural components on aircraft.

36
Q

What metals are alloyed to produce brass and what is it commonly used for?

A

Brass is an alloy of copper and 35% zinc.

* It is used for cast valves, taps, boat fittings and ornaments.

37
Q

What metals are alloyed to produce bronze and what is it commonly used for?

A

Bronze is an alloy of copper and 10% tin.

* It is used for statues, coins and bearings.

38
Q

What metals are alloyed to produce nitinol and what is it commonly used for?

A

Nitinol is made from nickel and titanium It is a smart metal alloy used in springs and muscle wiresFor more info click hereand here

39
Q

Which metals can be alloyed with steel to produce High Speed Steels (HSS)?

A
  • Tungsten
  • Chromium
  • Vanadium
  • Cobalt
40
Q

What are the properties of high speed steels and what are they used for?

A

HSSs are very hard and will cut at very high temperatures Therefore they are used for cutting tools such as drills

41
Q

What are the properties of hightensile steels and what are they used for?

A

High tensile steels have a good tensile strength and toughness and are generally corrosion resistant.
* They are used for car engine components.

42
Q

Which metalis alloyed with steel to producehigh tensilesteel?

A
  • Nickel
43
Q

Which three metals are alloyed with steel to produce stainless steel?

A
  • Chromium
  • Nickel
  • Magnesium
44
Q

What are the properties and uses of stainless steel?

A

Stainless steel is tough, durable and corrosion resistant

* It is used for sinks, cutlery and sanitary ware.

45
Q

Which two metals are alloyed with steel to produce tool and die steel?

A
  • Chromium

* Manganese

46
Q

What are the properties oftool and diesteels and what are they used for?

A

Tool and die steelsare very hard and tough with excellent wear resistance.
* They are used for fine press tools, extruder dies, blanking punches and dies, some hand tools.

47
Q

Explain the term work hardening.

A

Work hardening occurs when metals are “cold worked” such as bending, rolling or hammering. The crystal structure of the metal is distorted causing internal stresses that make the metal harder.

48
Q

How do you return work hardened metal to a “soft” state?

A

The metal must be annealed.For information on annealing click here

49
Q

What is planishing?

A

Planishing is the term given to a beaten decorative finish in a metal such as copper or silver. The hammering work hardens the material.

50
Q

What is annealing?

A

Annealing is a metal heat treatment process that reverses the internal stresses caused by work hardening. By heating the metal, the crystals grow making the material softer and more ductile. The temperature must be maintained for a sufficient period of time to allow the material to “soak”. The material is then cooled slowly allowing the crystals to keep their new shape.Glass can also be annealed.For more information click here

Resistant Materials GCSE (5 decks)

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