Metallurgy and Material Specification Flashcards
1
Q
The toughness of steels decreases as the temperature:
increases.
decreases.
A
decreases
2
Q
What heat treatment process is used to convert white cast iron into malleable cast iron?
Normalizing.
Precipitation hardening.
Annealing.
Quenching and tempering.
A
Annealing.
3
Q
Pig iron is melted with scrap steel and other elements.
True.
False.
A
True
4
Q
The most common steelmaking process in use is the:
open-hearth furnace.
basic oxygen furnace.
electric furnace.
Bessemer converter.
A
basic oxygen furnace.
5
Q
In the basic oxygen furnace, what does the term basic refer to?
The chemical nature of the molten steel.
The chemical nature of the refractory lining of the furnace.
The chemical nature of the steel after pouring.
The chemical nature of the additives used.
A
The chemical nature of the refractory lining of the furnace.
5
Q
Molten steel can either be cast in individual ingots or go through continuous casting.
True.
False.
A
True
5
Q
Segregation issues from carbon or sulphur may lead to cracking or porosity.
True.
False.
A
True.
5
Q
What type of protection is achieved when a zinc alloy forms a metallurgical bond to the steel?
Carbide precipitation.
Sensitization.
Cathodic.
Abrasion
A
Cathodic.
6
Q
Which type of steel may be susceptible to lamination issues after rolling?
Killed steel.
Semi-killed steel.
Capped steel.
Vacuum-degassed steel.
A
Killed steel.
7
Q
What type of danger is present when welding on zinc-coated materials?
Zinc oxide fumes.
Impaired vision.
Chromium oxide.
Material contamination.
A
Zinc oxide fumes.
8
Q
Pre-coated steels cannot be coated with paint.
True.
False.
A
False
9
Q
Which type of casting process requires a high volume of production to make the process economical?
Sand casting.
Centrifugal casting.
Die casting.
A
Die casting.
10
Q
The majority of metals can be cast with the die casting process.
True.
False.
A
False
11
Q
__________________ steels have high hardenability and high sensitivity to cracking.
Low-carbon
Medium-carbon
High-carbon
Alloy
A
High-carbon
12
Q
High-alloy steels have alloying elements of _______________ or higher.
2%
5%
10%
50%
A
10%
13
Q
Which type of stainless steel contains the lowest level of chromium?
Austenitic stainless steel.
Duplex stainless steel.
Ferritic stainless steel.
Martensitic stainless steel.
A
Martensitic stainless steel.
14
Q
Which type of stainless steel contains a mixture of chromium and intermediate nickel that creates a structure of austenite and ferrite upon cooling?
Austenitic stainless steel.
Duplex stainless steel.
Ferritic stainless steel.
Martensitic stainless steel.
A
Duplex stainless steel.
15
Q
Which state of matter can be compressed but is not electrically charged?
Gas.
Liquid.
Plasma.
Solid.
A
Gas.
16
Q
Which lattice structure shape does iron have at room temperature?
Body-centred cubic (BCC).
Face-centred cubic (FCC).
Hexagonal close-packed (HCP).
Tetragonal close-packed (TCP).
A
Body-centred cubic (BCC).
17
Q
Which lattice structure shape does aluminum have?
Body-centred cubic (BCC).
Face-centred cubic (FCC).
Hexagonal close-packed (HCP).
Tetragonal close-packed (TCP).
A
Face-centred cubic (FCC).
18
Q
Coarse-grained single-pass welds are considered to be weaker than fine-grained multipass welds.
True.
False.
A
True
19
Q
In a multipass weld, the final condition of the weld metal is produced only by the final pass.
True.
False.
A
False
20
Q
When performing a heat treatment, which provides a finer grain structure?
Annealing.
Normalizing.
A
Normalizing.
21
Q
When performing a heat treatment, which process does not refine the grain structure?
Annealing.
Normalizing.
Stress relieving.
Quenching and tempering.
A
Stress relieving.
22
Quenching is used to achieve higher toughness.
True.
False
False
23
What is the difference between annealing and normalizing?
Normalizing soaks the material longer.
Annealed material is quenched then air-cooled.
Annealing soaks the material longer.
Normalized material is air-cooled.
Normalized material is air-cooled.
24
What is stress relieving?
Refinement of the grain structure and equalization of residual stresses.
Equalization and stabilization of any residual stresses without any refinement of the grain structure.
Stabilization of any residual stresses with a significant change in the grain structure.
Equalization and stabilization of any residual stresses without any refinement of the grain structure.
25
Which organization is a professional society of engineers in the field of ground, air, and space transportation?
AISI.
ASME.
CSA.
SAE.
SAE
26
How many classifications of steel types are covered by CSA G40.21?
4.
5.
7.
8.
7
27
Which organization is an association of steel producers that issues steel specifications and co-operates with SAE in using the same numbering system?
AISI.
ASME.
CSA.
AWS.
AISI.
28
Which organization is a professional society of mechanical engineers that issues codes for boilers and pressure vessels??
AISI.
ASME.
CSA.
SAE.
ASME.
29
CSA standards cover materials used for pressure equipment.
True.
False.
False.
30
Under the SAE and AISI systems, each steel is given a four-digit numerical index that relates to its composition. Which digit indicates the major class?
The first digit.
The second digit.
The third digit.
The fourth digit.
The first digit.
31
Under the SAE and AISI systems, each steel is given a four-digit numerical index that relates to its composition. Which digit indicates the sub-class (which is often the percentage of the major alloying element)?
The first digit.
The second digit.
The third digit.
The fourth digit.
The second digit.
32
What indicates that a steel has been hot rolled?
A straw-coloured discolouration.
A black mill scale.
A silver-grey skin at the fracture site.
A highly reflective surface.
A black mill scale.
33
Copper turns yellow when exposed to air over time.
True.
False.
False
34
Which metal has a white fracture surface?
Lead.
Cast steel.
Aluminum.
Stainless steel.
Aluminum.
35
Copper, brass, and bronze have the same melting point.
True.
False.
False.
36
Which cast irons have a melting point of 1260 °C (2300 °F)?
Grey.
White.
Nodular.
Malleable.
Malleable.
37
Which metal distorts when heat is applied?
Magnesium.
Titanium.
Cast steel.
Zinc.
Magnesium.
38
Which metal has a light straw colour when oxidized?
Lead.
Brass.
White cast iron.
Titanium.
Titanium.
39
Which metal is magnetic and has a 1500 °C (2740 °F) melting point?
Titanium.
Steel.
Stainless steel.
Cast steel.
Nodular steel.
Steel.
40
When performing a chip test, as carbon content _____________ , the steel becomes more difficult to cut, and the chips become more brittle.
increases
decreases
increases
41
During a spark test, _________ produce(s) orange lines, ending in pear-shaped globules. There is very little branching and there are few carbon bursts.
cast iron
wrought iron
low carbon steels
high-speed or cutting steels
high-speed or cutting steels
42
What type of test is important for helping to identify a metal's susceptibility to hydrogen-cracking?
A spark test.
A flame test.
A magnet test.
A hardness test.
A hardness test.
43
The ductility measured through the thickness of the plate is usually the lowest of all. The welding of large heavily restrained T-joints may therefore result in: (Multiple choice)
A) Ductile tearing.
B) Lamellar tearing.
C) Hydrogen tearing.
D) Brittle tearing.
B) Lamellar tearing.
44
What is limestone used for in converting iron ore into steel? (Multiple choice)
A) A fluxing agent that removes impurities to form slag.
B) A deoxidizer that adds toughness.
C) An additional element to make the melt easier to pour.
D) Limestone is not used in the making of steel.
A) A fluxing agent that removes impurities to form slag.
45
Alloy steels and steels with greater than 0.3% carbon are fully killed. (True/False)
True
False
True
46
What is semi-killed steel? (Multiple choice)
A) A steel with a small amount of argon added to the melt.
B) A steel with no deoxidants added to the melt.
C) A steel that is fully deoxidized in the melt.
D) A steel with a small amount of deoxidizing material added to the melt.
D) A steel with a small amount of deoxidizing material added to the melt.
47
Groove welds can experience problems due to segregation in rimmed steel. (True/False)
True
False
True
48
Why are silicon and/or aluminum added to steel? (Multiple choice)
A) To increase carbon content.
B) To increase the grain size of the steel.
C) To remove dissolved oxygen.
D) To reduce the toughness of steel.
C) To remove dissolved oxygen.
49
A typical temperature for thermal stress relief treatment of welded fabrication is in the region of: (Multiple choice)
A) 225 °C
B) 425 °C
C) 625 °C
D) 825 °C
C) 625 °C
50
When tempering, reheating metal to a temperature of less than 723 °C, there will be: (Multiple choice)
A) A transitional change in the crystal structure.
B) A decrease in toughness.
C) No change in the crystal structure.
D) A decrease in strength.
C) No change in the crystal structure.
51
For normalizing, the steel is heated slightly higher than annealing, followed by air cooling. This type of cooling process produces a grain structure of: (Multiple choice)
A) Cementite/pearlite.
B) Fine ferrite/pearlite.
C) Coarse ferrite/pearlite.
D) Fine austenite/pearlite.
B) Fine ferrite/pearlite.
52
When thermal stress relief is completed, nondestructive testing is often postponed for 48 hours to ensure that no delayed post-stress relief cracking occurred: (True/False)
True
False
false
53
The surface of cold-rolled steel has a: (Multiple choice)
A) dull, white appearance.
B) rough and dull grey appearance.
C) black mill scale finish.
D) metallic shine.
D) metallic shine.
54
Cast irons are alloys made from iron and carbon less than 2%? (True/False)
True
False
False
55
There are many organizations issuing steel specifications. These include: (Multiple choice)
A) CSA, CWB, TSSA, ABSA, and ASTM.
B) CSA, SMAW, AISI, ASME, and ASTM.
C) CSA, SAE, ASI, ASME, and ASTM.
D) CSA, SAE, AISI, ASME, and ASTM.
D) CSA, SAE, AISI, ASME, and ASTM.
56
The ASTM designation system for metals consists of a letter. What does A represent? (Multiple choice)
A) Ferrous materials.
B) Non-ferrous materials.
C) Aluminum.
D) Atomic grade materials.
A) Ferrous materials.
57
In CSA standard G40.21, what does the AT designation mean? (Multiple choice)
A) Atmospheric corrosion-resistant alloy grade structural steel.
B) Atmospheric corrosion-resistant structural steel.
C) Atmospheric corrosion-resistance non-weldable notch-tough steel.
D) Atmospheric corrosion-resistance weldable notch-tough steel.
D) Atmospheric corrosion-resistance weldable notch-tough steel.
58
The carbon content of a specific steel grade, e.g. 4340: (Multiple choice)
A) depends only on the nickel content.
B) depends only on the type of furnace in which the steel is made.
C) will not be uniform, but will fall within a specified range.
D) can be whatever the client requires.
C) will not be uniform, but will fall within a specified range.
59
A heat number is an identification number stamped on a material plate after it is removed from the ladle and rolled at a steel mill: (True/False)
True
False
True
60
The ability of a material to deform or stretch without fracture is known as: (Multiple choice)
A) Ductility.
B) Yield strength.
C) Malleability.
D) Elasticity.
A) Ductility.
61
Ductile failure shows more deformation than brittle failure, and more of the surface is: (Multiple choice)
A) Flat and crystalline.
B) Dull and fibrous.
C) Coarse.
D) Jagged.
Flat and crystalline (book 2 pg 180)
According to the chapter test, Dull and fibrous
62
In most brittle materials such as cast iron, the compressive strength is several times greater than the tensile strength. (True/False)
True
False
True
63
The definition of elasticity is: (Multiple choice)
A) The ability of a metal to resist a load that tends to pull it apart.
B) The ability of a material to return to its original shape and dimension after it has been stretched.
C) The point where a material extends plastically without much change in stress.
D) A material's ability to resist crushing.
B) The ability of a material to return to its original shape and dimension after it has been stretched.
64
Tensile strength is: (Multiple choice)
A) The maximum stress that a material can withstand before it breaks.
B) The minimum stress that a material can withstand before it breaks.
C) The maximum stress that a material can withstand before it deforms to plastic.
D) The UTS minus the yield point.
A) The maximum stress that a material can withstand before it breaks.
65
Yield strength is: (Multiple choice)
A) plastically entering into the UTS.
B) the elastic stage before UTS.
C) when a material begins to deform from elastic to plastic.
D) when a material begins to deform elastically.
C) when a material begins to deform from elastic to plastic.
66
The Charpy V-notch (CVN) test is commonly used to measure the ___________________ of welded specimens. (Multiple choice)
A) impact strength and toughness.
B) fatigue strength and ductility
C) tensile strength and ultimate tensile strength (UTS).
D) elasticity and yield strength.
A) impact strength and toughness.
67
The ability of a metal to withstand sudden loads is called: (Multiple choice)
A) Compressive strength.
B) Impact strength.
C) Fatigue Strength.
D) Ductility.
B) Impact strength.
68
About two thirds of all known elements are metals. (True/False)
True
False
True
69
Which of the following materials is a ferrous alloy? (Multiple choice)
A) Aluminum.
B) Nickel.
C) Chromium.
D) Stainless steel.
D) Stainless steel.
70
The high electrical conductivity of copper and aluminum makes them suitable for electrical conductors in power transmission systems. (True/False)
True
False
True
71
When making steel, the first process is to convert iron ore into pig iron. Which furnace is used for this process? (Multiple choice)
A) An open hearth furnace.
B) A basic oxygen furnace
C) An electric furnace
D) A blast furnace.
D) A blast furnace
72
What are the three main components when charging a blast furnace? (Multiple choice)
A) Iron ore, nickel pellets, and limestone.
B) Iron ore, manganese, and coke
C) Iron ore, limestone, and coke.
D) Iron ore, nickel pellets, and coke.
C) Iron ore, limestone, and coke.
73
If more than 0.8% carbon is added to iron, the resulting material: (Multiple choice)
A) can no longer be forged.
B) is called cast iron.
C) will contain cementite and pearlite.
D) will contain martensite and pearlite.
C) will contain cementite and pearlite.
74
The process whereby steel is heat-treated to a point where the structure transforms and new grains grow is referred to as: (Multiple choice)
A) Tempering.
B) Recrystallization.
C) Stress-relieving.
D) Post-weld heat treatment (PWHT).
B) Recrystallization.
75
Which of the following atomic structures is the most closely packed (most dense)? (Multiple choice)
A) Face-centred cubic structure (FCC)
B) Body-centred cubic structure (BCC)
C) Corner-centred cubic structure (CCC)
D) Plain-centred cubic structure (PCC)
A) Face-centred cubic structure (FCC)
76
If more than 2% carbon is added to iron, the resulting material: (Multiple choice)
A) can no longer be forged.
B) is called cast iron.
C) will contain cementite and pearlite.
D) will contain martensite and pearlite.
B) is called cast iron.
77
Metals have a crystalline structure in which the atoms are arranged in an irregular pattern. (True/False)
True
False
False
78
Adding silicon to low-carbon steel decreases the steel's magnetic properties. (True/False)
True
False
False
79
Two examples of grain refining elements are: (Multiple choice)
A) Aluminum and vanadium.
B) Oxygen and aluminum
C) Vanadium and oxygen
D) Carbon and aluminum.
A) Aluminum and vanadium.
80
A benefit of many HSLA steels is improved atmospheric corrosion resistance. This may be _________ times more resistant than a carbon steel. (Multiple choice)
A) 1 to 3
B) 3 to 5
C) 4 to 6
D) 5 to 8
C) 4 to 6
81
Which element contained in HSLA steels will improve resistance to atmospheric corrosion? (Multiple choice)
A) Copper.
B) Boron
C) Oxygen.
D) Carbon.
A) Copper.
82
Carbon steels can have a wide range of properties by varying the carbon content. Steel with a carbon content of 0.80 to 1.0% is typically used for: (Multiple choice)
A) Steel plates, forgings, and screws.
B) Rails, drop forgings, and chisels.
C) Files, razors, and ball races.
D) Coil springs, punches, and dies.
D) Coil springs, punches, and dies.
83
When working with stainless steels, what does the term pickling refer to? (Multiple choice)
A) A chemical treatment to remove surface iron contamination only.
B) A chemical treatment to remove the mill scale prior to welding
C) A chemical treatment to corrode the surface in a controlled fashion.
D) A chemical treatment to corrode the surface in an uncontrolled fashion.
C) A chemical treatment to corrode the surface in a controlled fashion.
84
What series of stainless steel is commonly used in washing machines, cutlery, the automotive industry, and the food and beverage industry? (Multiple choice)
A) 200 series.
B) 300 series.
C) 400 series.
D) 316 series.
A) 200 series.
85
The passive oxide layer in stainless steels provides a surface layer inert to corrosive attack. This is possibly due to: (Multiple choice)
A) the chromium content.
B) the addition of sulphuric acids.
C) the percentage of nickel.
D) manganese alloys.
A) the chromium content.
86
Why is it important to have procedures in place for the storage and handling of stainless steels? (Multiple choice)
A) Stainless steels are affected by contamination and procedures should be in place to ensure the corrosion resistance is maintained.
B) Stainless steels are not affected by contamination, therefore procedures are not needed to ensure the corrosion resistance is maintained.
C) Stainless steels need procedures in place to ensure the surface appearance is maintained.
D) Stainless steels are affected by contamination, however specific procedures are not required.
A) Stainless steels are affected by contamination and procedures should be in place to ensure the corrosion resistance is maintained.
87
The process of applying heat to an ore in order to extract a base metal is known as: (Multiple choice)
A) Hot working.
B) Tempering.
C) Smelting.
D) Forging.
C) Smelting.
88
The recrystallization temperature for steels is typically: (Multiple choice)
A) 400–700 °C
B) 700–1100 °C
C) 400–700 °F
D) 600–900 °C
Try BCD
89
The ratio of the mass of a metal to its volume is known as: (Multiple choice)
A) Ductility.
B) Yield strength.
C) Specific gravity.
D) Density.
D) Density.
90
From the materials listed below, choose the metal with the highest thermal conductivity. (Multiple choice)
A) Silver.
B) Gold.
C) Aluminum.
D) Copper.
A) Silver.
91
Aluminum and stainless steels oxidize very slowly. (True/False)
True
False
False
92
The melting point of tungsten is: (Multiple choice)
A) 1535 °C (2800 °F)
B) 3700 °C (6700 °F)
C) 2415 °C (4379 °F)
D) 3410 °C (6170 °F)
D) 3410 °C (6170 °F)
93
The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a standard is known as: (Multiple choice)
A) Yield strength.
B) Ductility.
C) Specific gravity.
D) Thermal conductivity.
C) Specific gravity.
94
For a temperature rise of 0–100 °C (32–212 °F), the amount of linear thermal expansion will be highest in: (Multiple choice)
A) Magnesium
B) Copper
C) Zinc
D) Iron
C) Zinc
95
Steels have higher compressive strength than rubber. (True/False)
True
96
Cast steel is a ferrous alloy with a maximum carbon content of approximately: (Multiple choice)
Question options:
A) 0.75%
B) 0.35%
C) 0.60%
D) 0.82%
Try CDA
97
Zinc is a heavy, relatively hard, brittle metal with a __________ colour.
Question options:
A) bluish-white
B) silvery-white
C) green tarnish
D) silver-grey
A) bluish-white
98
Stainless steels acquire their special stainless properties from the presence of chromium. What percentage of chromium is required? (Multiple choice)
Question options:
A) Between 1 - 5%
B) Between 3 - 8%
C) Between 5 - 10%
D) More than 10%
TRY CD
99
Which element below will provide the maximum benefit for impact and abrasion applications? (Multiple choice)
Question options:
A) Lead.
B) Oxygen
C) Aluminum.
D) Manganese.
D) Manganese.
100
High carbon steels typically provide: (Multiple choice)
Question options:
A) High toughness.
B) High strength.
C) Good welding properties.
D) Good corrosion protection.
B) High strength.
101
A capped steel is similar to: (Multiple choice)
Question options:
A) Stainless steel.
B) Rimmed steel.
C) Semi-killed steel
D) Killed steel.
TRY AB
102
Carbon dissolved completely in the FCC structure of steel is known as: (Multiple choice)
Question options:
A) Pearlite
B) Martensite
C) Ferrite
D) Austenite
D) Austenite
103
Killed steels are fully: (Multiple choice)
Question options:
A) deoxidized.
B) basic.
C) rutile.
D) carburized.
A) deoxidized.
104
What phase distorts the BCC structure and results in a very hard needle-like structure? (Multiple choice)
Question options:
A) Ferrite.
B) Pearlite.
C) Martensite.
D) Cementite.
TRY BC
105
In order to obtain specific steel properties, special processes can be used such as vacuum degassing. What does vacuum degassing do? (Multiple choice)
Question options:
A) It increases the gas content (hydrogen and oxygen).
B) It reduces the gas content (hydrogen and oxygen).
C) It removes the surface area of the melt by suction.
D) It uses suction to stir the melt.
B) It reduces the gas content (hydrogen and oxygen).
106
What is pearlite? (Multiple choice)
Question options:
A) A layered form of ferrite and cementite.
B) A layered form of martensite and ferrite.
C) A layered form of austenite and ferrite.
D) A layered form of iron and copper.
A) A layered form of ferrite and cementite.
106
What is the difference between annealing and normalizing? (Multiple choice)
Question options:
A) Normalizing is a treatment that is performed to increase the strength and toughness of a steel. Annealing is a treatment for increasing toughness only.
B) Normalizing is a treatment that involves heating a steel to below 910 °C and air cooling. Annealing does not involve actual transformation but uses slow cooling.
C) Normalizing is a treatment that involves heating into the fully austenitic region followed by air cooling. Annealing is a treatment which involves heating into the fully austenitic region followed by furnace cooling.
D) Normalizing is a treatment that is performed to increase the hardness and toughness of a steel. Annealing is a treatment for increasing toughness only.
C) Normalizing is a treatment that involves heating into the fully austenitic region followed by air cooling. Annealing is a treatment which involves heating into the fully austenitic region followed by furnace cooling.
107
Hot-rolling is carried out in what region? (Multiple choice)
Question options:
A) The austenite region.
B) The pearlite region
C) The cementite region.
D) The ferrite region.
A) The austenite region.
107
What is the result of hot-shortness in a metal? (Multiple choice)
Question options:
A) Loss of impact strength.
B) Increased toughness.
C) Loss of ductility.
D) Increased malleability.
C) Loss of ductility.
108
Hot-shortness is: (Multiple choice)
Question options:
A) Volume change created by transformation.
B) Cracking susceptibility caused by high sulphur content.
C) The uncontrolled transformation of pearlite to austenite.
D) Cracking susceptibility caused by excessive hardness.
B) Cracking susceptibility caused by high sulphur content.
109
The metric unit of measure for electrical conductivity is siemens per metre (S/m). (True/False)
Question options:
True
False
True
110
The melting point of steel is: (Multiple choice)
Question options:
A) 1535 °C (2800 °F)
B) 3700 °C (6700 °F)
C) 960 °C (1760 °F)
D) 1815 °C (3300 °F)
A) 1535 °C (2800 °F)
111
The melting and freezing points of a pure metal are the same. (True/False)
Question options:
True
False
True
112
A spontaneous decrease of strength and hardness that takes place at room temperature is known as: (Multiple choice)
Question options:
A) Compression.
B) Contraction
C) Lateral shrinkage.
D) Age softening.
D) Age softening.
113
The Charpy V-notch (CVN) test is commonly used to measure the ___________________ of welded specimens. (Multiple choice)
Question 4 options:
A) impact strength and toughness.
B) fatigue strength and ductility
C) tensile strength and ultimate tensile strength (UTS).
D) elasticity and yield strength.
A) impact strength and toughness.
114
The hardness of pure aluminum is increased through heat treatment. (True/False)
Question 12 options:
True
False
False
115
The grouping of steels referred to as high strength low alloy steels (HLSA) typically exhibit the following attributes: (Multiple choice)
Question 17 options:
A) A high carbon content, high strength, and a large grain size.
B) A high carbon content, high strength, and a fine grain size.
C) A low carbon content, high strength, and a fine grain size.
D) A low carbon content, poor toughness, and a large grain size.
C) A low carbon content, high strength, and a fine grain size.
116
Why can the properties of steel be changed through heat treatment? (Multiple choice)
Question 23 options:
A) Because the steel expands as it heats up.
B) Because when the steel is held at elevated temperatures, grains shrink in size.
C) Because of the phase change from ferrite to cementite.
D) Because of the phase changes from BCC to FCC to BCC.
D) Because of the phase changes from BCC to FCC to BCC.
117
What is the lightest commercial metal with a density of 1800 kg/m³ (0.065 lb/in³)? (Multiple choice)
Question 33 options:
A) Copper
B) Aluminum
C) Vanadium
D) Magnesium
D) Magnesium
118
The carbon content of a specific steel grade, e.g. 4340: (Multiple choice)
Question 36 options:
A) depends only on the nickel content.
B) depends only on the type of furnace in which the steel is made.
C) will not be uniform, but will fall within a specified range.
D) can be whatever the client requires.
119
Lamellar tearing in a welded connection can be mitigated by: (Multiple choice)
Question 46 options:
A) reducing the temperatures used in welding.
B) reducing the volume of weld metal from complete to partial penetration.
C) changing the weld process used.
D) changing the base materials used.
B) reducing the volume of weld metal from complete to partial penetration.
120
A flux used in the blast furnace to reduce iron ore to produce iron is known as: (Multiple choice)
Question options:
A) Coke.
B) Limestone.
C) Cementite.
D) Admixture.
B) Limestone.
121
Stress is the force applied to a material divided by the material's cross-sectional area. (True/False)
Question options:
True
False
True
122
When a pressure vessel is made from formed plates, they are usually arranged: (Multiple choice)
Question options:
A) with the rolling direction around the circumference.
B) with the rolling direction in a pattern alternating between around the circumference and along the length of the pipe.
C) with the rolling direction along the length of the pipe.
D) randomly.
A) with the rolling direction around the circumference.
123
The UNS is widely accepted in North America. It was developed and managed jointly between: (Multiple choice)
Question options:
A) The ASTM and the SAE.
B) The ASTM and the ASME.
C) The SAE and the AISI.
D) The CWB and the CSA.
A) The ASTM and the SAE.
124
What is the classification of carbon steels as the main group of ferrous metals based on? (Multiple choice)
Question 13 options:
A) Iron purity.
B) Percentage of iron.
C) Carbon content.
D) Mechanical properties.
125
At temperatures above 910 °C (1670 °F), iron exists in which crystalline structure? (Multiple choice)
Question 32 options:
A) FCC
B) BCC
C) HCP
D) PCC
A) FCC
126
Hot-rolling is carried out in what region? (Multiple choice)
Question 18 options:
A) The austenite region.
B) The pearlite region
C) The cementite region.
D) The ferrite region.
A) The austenite region.
127
The carbon content (%C) for structural steel plates falls in the range of: (Multiple choice)
Question 53 options:
A) 0.05% - 0.10%
B) 0.15% - 0.30%
C) 0.5% - 0.80%
D) 1.70% - 2.50%
