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metallurgy Flashcards

1
Q

Bauxite

A

Principal Ore of aluminium
AlOx(OH)3-2x
0<x<1

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2
Q

Kaolinite

A

[Al2(OH)4Si2O5]
Ore of aluminium

form of clay

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3
Q

Haematite

A

Iron ore
Fe2O3

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4
Q

Magnetite

A

Iron ore
Fe3O4

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5
Q

Siderite

A

Iron ore
FeCO3

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6
Q

Iron pyrites

A

Iron ore
FeS2

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7
Q

Sphalerite

A

Zinc blende
ZnS

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8
Q

Calamine

A

Zinc ore
ZnCO3

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9
Q

Zincite

A

ZnO
Zinc ore

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10
Q

Copper pyrite

A

copper ore
CuFeS2

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11
Q

Malachite

A

copper ore
CuCO3.Cu(OH)2

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12
Q

Cuprite

A

copper ore
Cu2O

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13
Q

Copper glance

A

copper ore
Cu2S

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14
Q

Gemstones are impurities of which compound?

A

Al2O3

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15
Q

What is the impurity in ruby

A

Cr

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16
Q

What is the impurity in sapphire

A

Co

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17
Q

What is concentration of ore?

A

Removal of impurity
Also called dressing or benefaction

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18
Q

Hydraulic washing

A

Concentration of ore based on difference in densities of gangue and ore

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19
Q

Which type of ore is froth floatation method used for

A

Sulphide ores

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20
Q

Function of collectors in froth floatation method

A

Enhances non-wettability of mineral particles

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21
Q

Name collectors used in froth floatation method

A

pine oils, fatty acids, xanthates

22
Q

Name froth stabilisers

A

Cresol, aniline

24
Q

What do we do when there are two sulphides present in the same ore? Give example

A

Depressants to separate sulphides
E.g. NaCN, prevents ZnS from coming to froth but allows PbS

25
Q

Impurities present in bauxite

A

SiO2, iron oxides, TiO2

do leaching rxn from pg 154 ncert part 1 class 12
Al2O3 + NaOH + H2O –> Na[Al(OH)4]
prod^ + CO2 –> Al2O3 . xH2O
dehydration of^

26
Q

In extraction of gold, silver etc., what is used + what is added extra

A

NaCN, KCN
O2/air added extra

27
Q

Formula of complex formed in extraction of gold silver with NaCN/KCN and subsequently what is the compound reacted with?

A

[M(CN)2]- (aq.)

reaction with Zn because it will form [Zn(CN)4]2-

28
Q

Method of extraction of crude metal from concentrated ore

A
  1. conversion to oxide by calcination/roasting
  2. reduction of oxide to metal
29
Q

Calcination

A

Just heating
pg 155 ncert class xii part 1

30
Q

Roasting

A

Rxn in the presence of oxygen
ncert class xii part 1 pg 156

31
Q

Ellingham diagram

A
  • Graph below will reduce graph above
  • Gibbs free energy on y axis, temperature on x axis
32
Q

Extraction of iron takes place in what?

A

blast furnace
do rxns next to diagram pg 160

33
Q

Pig iron

A

Iron obtained from blast furnace, containing 4% carbon and impurities like S, P, Si, Mn

34
Q

Cast iron

A

Made by melting pig iron with scrap iron and coke using hot air blast
slightly less carbon content

35
Q

Purest form of commercial iron

A

Wrought iron/malleable iron

Prepared from cast iron by oxidising impurities in reverberatory furnace lined with haematite

Fe2O3 + 3C –> 2Fe + 3CO

36
Q

How are oxides obtained from sulphide ores of copper

A

By roasting/smelting
2Cu2S + 3O2 –> 2Cu2O + 2SO2

Cu2O + C –> 2Cu + CO

37
Q

Copper extraction in which furnace + what happens

A

ore is heated in reverberatory furnace after mixing with silica

In the furnace iron oxide is converted to slag (iron silicate)
FeO + SiO2 –> FeSiO3
Copper is produced in the form of copper matte which contains Cu2S and Fe2S

38
Q

What is done to copper matte

A

Charged into silica lined converter. Some silica is also added and hot aire blast is blown to convert remaining FeS, FeO, and Cu2S/Cu2O

Blister copper is obtained at the end of the process. Blistered due to SO2

rxns pg 162

39
Q

what is Al2O3 mixed with

A

Na3AlF6 or CaF2 because they lower the melting point of the mixture and bring conductivity

40
Q

Hall-Heroult process ( aluminium ) cathode anode and rxn

A

cathode: steel vessel with lining of carbon
anode: graphite

2Al2O3 + 3C –> 4Al + 3CO2

41
Q

how is copper extracted from low grade ores and scraps

A

by hydrometallurgy
leached out using acid or bacteria
Solution containing Cu2+ is trated w scrap iron or H2

Cu2+ (aq) + H2 (g) –> Cu (s) + 2H+ (aq)

42
Q

refining methods

A
  1. distillation
  2. liquation
  3. electrolysis
  4. zone refining
  5. vapour phase refining
  6. chromatographic methods
43
Q

Liquation

A

Low melting metal like tin can be made to flow on a sloping surface

43
Q

distillation

A

low B.P. metals like Zn Hg

44
Q

electrolytic refining: impurities in anode mud

A

antimony, selenium, tellurium, silver, gold, and platinum

45
Q

zone refining

A

because impurities are more soluble in the melt than in the solid state of the metal

semiconductor materials like germanium silicon boron gallium indium

46
Q

mond process for refining nickel

A

vapour phase refining
nickel is heated in a stream of carbon monoxide forming a volatile complex Ni(CO)4
the complex is decomposed at higher temp to obtain pure metal

pg 165

47
Q

van arkel method for refining zirconium or titanium

A

Zr + 2I2 –> ZrI 4

ZrI4 –> Zr + 2I2

48
Q

metal used to galvanise iron

49
Q

Brass is an alloy of?

50
Q

German silver is an alloy of?

A

Cu, Zn, Ni

misc (11 decks)

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