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Chemistry > Metallurgy > Flashcards

Metallurgy Flashcards

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1
Q

A metal is an element which ionizes by ____________, is thus an ________________.

A

electron loss,electron donor

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2
Q

Metallic atoms have __,__,_ valence electrons & tend to form :-
* ______________ on ionization,
*__________________

A

1,2,3
* positive ions ( cations)
* electrovalent compound.

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3
Q

Valency of a metal is the no. of electron______ per atom

A

lost

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4
Q

State any 5 important properties of metals

A
  1. Lustrous( exist in solid state)
  2. has high m.p and b.p
  3. high density
  4. high ductility
  5. it is malleable
  6. metals are good conductors of elec & heat
  7. good reducing agents
  8. forms electrovalent chlorides and at least one basic oxid.
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5
Q

A non metal is an element which ionizes by ___________, is thus an __________

A

electron gain, electron acceptor

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6
Q

Non metallic atoms have __,__,__or__ valence electrons& and tend to form
*_____________ on ionization
*______________ compounds

A

4,5,6 or 7
* negative ions
*electrovalent/covalent

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7
Q

what is a mineral ?

A

the compounds of various metals found in nature associated with their earthly impurities are called minerals

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8
Q

valency of a non metal is the no.of electrons ______________ per atom

A

gained

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8
Q

what is an ore ?

A

the naturally occurring metals from which metals can be extracted profitably and conveniently are called ores.

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9
Q

occurence of metals in a free or native state-

A

metals occurring in a free metallic form not acted upon by natural elements like constituents of air and water

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10
Q

occurence of metals in a combined state -

A

metals occurring in the form of compounds

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11
Q

what is metallurgy ?

A

the large scale process involved in extraction of pure metals from their respective ores is called metallurgy.

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12
Q

what is matrix

A

the rocky impurities including silica,mud etc. associated with the ore is called matrix

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13
Q

matrix is also known as

A

gangue

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14
Q

what is flux ?

A

the sub added to ore to get rid if matrix resulting in formation of a fusible compound - slag

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15
Q

the naturally occurring metals from which metals can be extracted profitably and conveniently are called

A

ores.

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16
Q

the compounds of various metals found in nature associated with their earthly impurities are called

A

minerals

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17
Q

the sub added to ore to get rid if matrix resulting in formation of a fusible compound - slag

A

flux

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18
Q

the rocky impurities including silica,mud etc. associated with the ore is called

A

matrix

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19
Q

the large scale process involved in extraction of pure metals from their respective ores is called

A

metallurgy

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20
Q

3 ores of aluminium

A

Bauxite, Cryolite, Corundum (trick - BCC)

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21
Q

3 ores of zinc

A

zinc blende, calamine, zincite
(trick - CZZ)

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22
Q

4 ores of iron

A

haematite, magnetite, iron pyrites, spathic iron ore
(trick - HIMS)

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23
Q

MAIN ore of aluminium

A

bauxite

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24
Q

MAIN ore of iron

A

haematite

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25
Q

what are the 4 steps involved in extraction of metals

A

step 1 - dressing of the ore
step 2 - conversion of conc. ore to its oxide
step 3 - reduction of metallic oxides to its metals
step 4 - electro-refining of impure metal

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25
Q

what are the methods used in extraction of metals step 1 process

A

~> hydrolytic method
~> magnetic separation
~> froth flotation method
~> chemical method

26
Q

what are the methods used in extraction of metals step 2 process

A

> roasting
calcination

27
Q

what are the methods used in extraction of metals step 3 process

A
  • reduction by - electrolysis
  • reduction by - reducing agents
  • reduction by - thermal decomposition
28
Q

reason for step 1 process

A

to convert impure ore to pure conc ore

29
Q

reason for step 2 process

A

to convert the pure conc ore to its oxide - since oxides are easy to reduce

30
Q

reason for step 3 process

A

to obtain impure metal from metallic oxide by reduction

31
Q

reason for step 4 process

A

to obtain metal in its very pure form

32
Q

_________________ depends on the position of the metal in the activity series of metals

A

method of reduction

33
Q

which method is known as gravity separation method

A

hydrolytic method

34
Q

separation of ore and gangue in hydrolytic method is due to

A

difference in density of particles

35
Q

principle of separation of hydrolytic method

A

ores- denser- settles in grooves
gangue - lighter-washed down by water

36
Q

magnetic separation involves separation of

A

– magnetic ORE from non magnetic GANGUE or
– non magnetic ORE from magnetic GANGUE or

37
Q

explain the process of magnetic separation

A

=>the powdered ore is placed in conveyor belt
=> the MAGNETIC PARTICLES attracted to the magnetic wheel- separate from the non magnetic particles

38
Q

froth flotation involves separation of ore and gangue by

A

preferential wetting

39
Q

explain the process of froth flotation method

A

a tank containing the ore _ oil and water is agitated with air.
the ore separates above as a foam.

40
Q

name :
1. process of heating the conc. ore in the PRESENCE OF EXCESS AIR to a high temp. before it is reduced to a metal
2. process of heating the conc. ore in LIMITED SUPPLY OF AIR or ABSENCE OF AIR at a room temp. just below its m.p or not sufficient to melt the ore

A
  1. ROASTING
  2. CALCINATION
41
Q

2ZnS + 3O2 –>

A

2ZnO + 2SO2

42
Q

2FeS2 + 11O2 –>

A

2Fe2O3 + 8SO2

43
Q

ZnCO3 –>

A

ZnO + CO2

44
Q

FeCO3 –>

A

FeO + CO2

45
Q

On heating ZnCO3 [ zinc carbonate a residue of __________ is formed which is _______ when hot and __________ when cold

A

zinc oxide [ ZnO] , yellow, white

46
Q

what are metals which gets reduced in the electrolysis step 3 of extraction of metals

A

reduction of K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al [ are top at activity series]

47
Q

what are metals which gets reduced in the reducing agents in step 3 of extraction of metals

A

reduction of Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu

48
Q

what are metals which gets reduced in thermal decomposition step 3 of extraction of metals

A

reduction of Hg, Ag

49
Q

why are the metals from K to Al is used for electrolysis step 3 of extraction of metals ?

A
  • are most electropositive
  • have more affinity for o2
  • metallic oxides cannot be reduced by reducing agents but can be reduced by ELECTROLYSIS
50
Q

why are the metals from Zn to Cu is used to reduce by reducing agents in step 3 of extraction of metals ?

A
  • are less electropositive
  • have less affinity for o2
  • metallic oxides can be reduced by reducing agents such as CO, H2.
51
Q

why are the metals from Hg to Ag is used for thermal decomposition
in step 3 of extraction of metals ?

A
  • are least electropositive
  • least affinity for o2
  • metallic oxides can be reduced by HEAT ALONE.
52
Q

ZnO + C –>

A

Zn + CO

53
Q

Fe2O3 + 3CO2 –>

A

2Fe + 3CO2

54
Q

2PbO + C –>

A

2Pb + CO2

55
Q

CuO + C –>

A

Cu + CO

56
Q

CuO + H2 –>

A

Cu + H2O

57
Q

2HgO —>

A

2Hg + O2

58
Q

2Ag2O —>

A

4Ag + O2

59
Q

which ore is used in step 1 of extraction of ALUMINIUM

A

Bauxite

60
Q

What is chemical method ?

A

separation of ore and gangue by using chemicals such as NaOH

61
Q

which method is used in step 1 of extraction of ALUMINIUM

A

chemical method using conc. soln. of NaOH.

62
Q

Which process is used in step 1 of extraction of ALUMINIUM

A

BAEYER’S PROCESS

63
Q

CONVERSION in step 1 of extraction of ALUMINIUM

A

Impure bauxite to pure alumina

64
Q

give the products to the reactions when

Amphoteric oxide [ impure bauxite ] reacts with base [ NaOH ] at 150 degree C

A

it gives out salt [ NaAlO2 ] And Water

65
Q
A

Chemistry (1 decks)

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