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Chemistry > Metallurgy > Flashcards

Metallurgy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is metallurgy ?

A

Extracting metal from their ores

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2
Q

Difference between metals and non metals ?

A

A] Lose electron - metals - to form cation - oxidation , gains electron - non metal - to form anion - reduction
b] metals - electron donor , non metals -electron accepter
C] cations - metals , anions - non metals
d] electrovalent compound - metals , covalent compound or electrovalent compound - non metals
e] Metals - Good reducing agent , nonmetals - good oxidising agent

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3
Q

Properties of metals -

A

Lustrous , malleable , conductivity - Good conductor , density- high , ductility- high ,melting and boiling point - high

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4
Q

Exception for properties of metals -

A

Melting and boiling point - Na ,K, Hg
Density - Na , K , Ca
Ductility - can be drawn into wires - Exception - Zn , Hg
Malleability - Can be beaten into sheets - Exception -Zn

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5
Q

Oxide Compounds [metals]-

A

Bauxite - [Al2O3.2H2O]
Zincite- [ZnO]
Haematite-[Fe2O3]
Cuprite-[Cu2O]

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6
Q

Carbonates [Metals] Compounds -

A

Siderite - FeCO3
Marble - CaCO3
Calamine - ZnCO3
Magnesite -MgCO3

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7
Q

Metals Halides Compounds-

A

Cryolite - Na3 AlF6
Rock salt - NaCl
Horn silver - AgCl
Fluorspar - CaF2

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8
Q

Metals Compounds Sulphides -

A

Iron pyrite - FeS2
Zinc Blende-ZnS
Galena - PbS
Cinnabar -HgS

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9
Q

Metals Sulphates compound -

A

Gypsum - CaSO4.2H2O
Baryte -BaSO4
Epsom salt - MGSO4.7H2O
Anglesite - PbSO4

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10
Q

What is mineral ?

what is ore ?

A
  • The compounds of various metals found in nature - associated with their earthly impurities called minerals
  • The naturally Occurring mineral from which metals can be extracted profitably and conveniently
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11
Q

Matrix -

Flux-

A

Rocky impurities including silica [Sio2] , Mud etc

Substance added to ore to get rid of matrix - resulting in formation of fusible compound - slag

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12
Q

Ores of aluminium -

A

Bauxite - Al2O3.2H2O -Main ore - Hydrated Aluminium oxide
Cryolite- Na3AlF6 - sodium aluminium fluoride
Corundum -Al2O3 - Aluminium oxide

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13
Q

Ores of Zinc -

A

Zinc blende - ZnS
Calamine - ZnCO3
Zincite - ZnO

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14
Q

Ores of Iron -

A

Haematite- Fe2O3 - Iron oxide
Magnetite- Fe3O4 - Tri iron tetra oxide
Iron pyrites -FeS2 - Iron disulphate
Spathic iron ore - FeCO3 - Iron 2 carbonate

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15
Q 
Extraction of Aluminium - STEP :1 
Ore used-
Method used - 
Process used -
Conversion -
Reaction -
A

Bauxite
Chemical method using conc.NaOH
Baeyer’s Process
Al2O3.2H2O –> AL2O3
1ST . IMPURE ORE + NAOH –> 150*C NAALO2 + H20
2ND . SALT ON HYDORLYSIS –> NAOH + AL[[OH]]3
3RD . INSOULUBLE HYDROXIDE –> AL2O3 + H2O

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16
Q 
Step 3  extraction of aluminium 
method
process
 conversion 
reaction
electrolyte
electrodes
]reaction
A 
Electrolyte
Hall heroult process 
AL2O3 --> PURE AL
ELECTROLYTIC REDUCTION PF AL2O3
FUSED ALUMINIA , CRYOLITE , FLUORSPAR 
INERT GRAPHIDE CARBON ELECTRODES
CATHODE- PURE ALUMINIA 
ANODE - OXYGEN GAS --> CO CO2 EVOLVED DUE TO OXIDATION OF CARBON ANODE
17
Q

Seeding means :-

A

process of adding Al[{Oh]} 3 to further precipitate out AL[{oh}}3

18
Q

Write down the conversion of bauxite to pure alumina

A

Al2O3.2H2O + H2O –> NaAlO2 + 3H2O
NaALO2 + 2H2O –> AL[[OH]]3 + NAOH
AL[[OH]]3 IGNITE –> AL2O3 + 3H2O [VAP]

19
Q 
Step -3 reduction of aluminium oxide to alumina -pure 
Electrolyte- 
electrolytic cell -
electrolytic reaction -
products formed -
A 
Cryolite , fluorspar , fused alumina 
Cathode - carbon lining -gas carbon 
anode - Thick carbon rod - graphite --> attached to copper clamps dipping into fused electrolyte 
temp-950* , I - 100Ampere 
At cathode - 2Al +3 + 6e- --> 2Al
At anode - 3O2- - 6e- --> 3[O] --> 3O2
20
Q

why Al2O3 can’t be reduced to Al by reducing agent ?

A

Al2O3 is highly stable oxide - and has strong affinity for Oxygen
hence Al2O3 can be reduced to Al electrolytically .

21
Q

Difficulties faced during electrolytic reduction of Al2O3

A

Al2O3 has high melting point around 2050C - large amount of electrical energy is required and to maintain Al2O3 at molten state at that temp
liberated Al metal -660C may also tend to volatize out and get wasted

22
Q

Usage of Cryolite and fluorspar -

A

Addition of cryolite and fluorspar –> enhances the mobility of the fused mixture
addition of cryolite enhances the conductivity of the mixture
Al2O3 –> is a non conductor
the mixture fuses around 950c instead of 2050*c

23
Q

WHO REDUCED THE DIFFICULTY FACED DURING REDUCTION OF Al2O3 ?

A

CHARLES HALL IN 1886

24
Q

Why layer of powdered coke is used ?

A

Is sprinkled over the electrolytic mixture
1] prevents burning of carbon electrodes in air
2] minimizes or prevent the heat loss by radiation

25
Q

why graphite anode should be replaced periodically ?

A

Oxygen evolved at the anode escapes as gas or react with carbon anode
carbon anode thus oxidised to carbon monoxide which either burns giving carbon dioxide or escapes out through an outlet
hence carbon anode is consumed and renewed periodically
preferable to use number of graphite electrode instead of single one

26
Q

what happens if concentration of Al2O3 falls ?

A

Resistance of the bath increases , indicated by glow of bulb

27
Q

Al can be further purified by

A

Hoope’s process

28
Q

Alloys -

A

substance prepared by adding other metals or non metals - to a base metal in appropriate proportions - to obtain desirable properties

29
Q

which alloy has base metal mercury ?

A

amalgam

30
Q

Aluminium - Alloys-

A

Duralumin and magnalium
Duralumin - 95% al , 0.5% - Mg Mn , Cu -4%
magnalium - 95% AL , 5% MG
duralumin - al imparts lightness , mg strength
magnalium - light , hard , tough , corrosive resistant

31
Q

Duralumin and magnalium where they use this two metals

A

Duralumin –> aircrafts , light tools , cooker

magnalium –> Aircrafts , scientific tools

Chemistry (10 decks)

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