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metalanguage- examples Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

active and passive voice
provides subjective or objective tone

A

active: They released the report
passive: The reports was released

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2
Q

adjectives
Describing words

A

a stirring speech
her diamond-studded tiara

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3
Q

alliteration and assonance
Repetition of initial consonants and repetition of vowel sounds

A

Sydney’s slippery side
The elite meet-and-greet

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4
Q

allusion

A

Rusty the Clown (compares Russell Crowe and Krusty the Clown from The Simpsons)
Lord of the Pies (reference to overweight English lord by comparing to the William Golding novel Lord of the Flies)

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5
Q

Attack (Pathos + Logos)
Means of criticising an individual or idea

A

Her comments are little more that adolescent gibberish. (Ridicule, mudslinging)
Teachers must be held accountable for students’ appalling literacy levels.

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6
Q

anecdote

A

‘Recently my neighbor experienced these problems first hand.’
‘We met in 1962 when I was a young journalist…’

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7
Q

bias
overt preference or sympathy for a particular point of view

A

An advertisement for the Federal Liberal Party announcing the benefits of changes to Australia’ s workplace legislation

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8
Q

cliché
An overused phrase or argument

A

In the final analysis
World-class city

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9
Q

colourful language
vulgar or rude; particularly unusual or distinctive expression

A

They are certainly up the creek now!
Who gives a toss about the Queen anyway?
The policy is a dog’s breakfast!

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10
Q

connotative language
loaded language that evokes an idea or feeling, either positive or negative

A

The children were slaughtered as they slept.
Her reckless behaviour was questioned.
The ANZAC legend

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11
Q

emotional appeal
attempt to persuade through emotional manipulation

A

Long-range nuclear weapons do not discriminate: we are all a target. (appeal to sense of insecurity)
Sadly, Aboriginal health and education are responsibilities we still have to address. (appeal to sense of social justice)

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12
Q

emotive imagery
language that paints a picture to arouse a particular emotional response

A

This barbaric practice has been extended to the children, and the pain they suffer is evident on their faces.
Bodies were piled up like trash in makeshift roadside graves.

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13
Q

euphemism
a mild, less direct word or phrase used to replace something offensive or unpleasant

A

Collateral damage (unintended victims of war)
Unplanned landing (crash)
In the family way (pregnant)

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14
Q

evidence
material in support of an argument: statistics, fact, expert opinions, anecdotes

A

According to Melbourne Water, 1.5 million households used over 500 billion litres of water in the year to 30 June.
Wind poser generates fewer pollutants than the burning of fossil fuel.

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15
Q

figurative language
Imagery through the use of visuals, metaphors, similes

A

The fabric of Australia is multi-hued.
Social and racial difference are the fault lines in our communities.

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16
Q

formal language
Use of more elaborate, precise or sophisticated language

A

It is our firm belief that student success can be facilitated through the employment of sound educational principles in a supportive learning environment.

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17
Q

generalisation
broad statements implied from specific cases

A

This poor behaviour was modelled by the parents, and it is therefore ultimately a parental responsibility.
It is clear from the evidence at this school that all girls befit from single-sex classes at VCE level.

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18
Q

humour
use of puns, irony, satire, sarcasm

A

George Dubbya Bush and his weapons of mass distraction
Gillard and Rudd came out of the conference licking their lips like a couple of lovestruck Cheshire cats.

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19
Q

hyperbole
exaggeration or overstatement used to imply something is more important, worse, better etc.

A

Every weekend the city is overrun by beggars and buskers.
Our parks are little more than toxic rubbish dumps.

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20
Q

hidden agenda
an undisclosed plan, especially one with an ulterior motive

A

Claiming that a golf course is being closed due to lack of use when the true reason is the value of the land in the real estate market.

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21
Q

inclusive language and exclusive language
the effective use of us and we to include, them and they to exclude.

A

We all have a role to play.
They bring their problems to Australia.
It is up to us to solve the problem they have created.

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22
Q

informal language
colloquial, everyday language, slang.

A

How do you like them apples, Senator?
She’ll be right mate.

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23
Q

Irony (Pathos + Logos)
Humour found in contradictory situations, often through the use of sarcasm.

A

The war on terror has produced a volatile environment more susceptible to terrorist forces.
In order to ensure our freedoms, more control is required.

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24
Q

jargon
Words and phrases used by a specific group of people.

A

Within the given parameters, the incorporation of cultural constraints adds explicit performance contours.
Early adapters are our chief indicators of the viability of the product.

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25
Q

logic
reason: the use of argument to assess a situation and sway an audience

A

Research has shown that a prison term fro minor offences hampers rehabilitation: we must therefore, adopt a new approach to punishment, as locking up people who have committed such offences has not worked.

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26
Q

omissions
the deliberate or accidental leaving out of information.

A

An opinion piece that condemns a group without considering causes

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27
Q

pictorial support
images to accompany written text and illustrate an issue or point.

A

Photograph of drunken teenager within an article about teen binge drinking
Graph indicating rising levels of childhood obesity
Diagram illustrating flow of information

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28
Q

praise
expression of approval or admiration.

A

Her efforts are to be commended.
We should feel proud of our commitment to cultural diversity.

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29
Q

pun
play on words: humorous use of synonyms or homonyms

A

Water chief damned by local critics.
PM feels the heat over climate change.
Public transport: designing a fare system.

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30
Q

repetition
reuse of words or phrases

A

We cannot imagine the horrors they faced: we cannot imagine the strength of their spirit. And we cannot allow it to happen again.

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31
Q

rhetorical question
a question that does not require an answer

A

Must we wait for years before this man leaves office?
And why do we do this? Because we are fair and honest.

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32
Q

sarcasm
the use of irony to mock or show contempt, by implying the opposite of what is actually said

A

We can now look forward to loner ticket queues, sweatier rides and more train rage.
Why stop at 30 students to a classroom when we can cram at least 15 more in?

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33
Q

satire
the use of humour or exaggeration to expose or criticise

A

Television programs such as Real Stories, The Chaser’s War on Everything and Frontline
Political cartoons

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34
Q

sensationalism

A

Overseas fee-paying students are stealing our university places!
Juvenile joyriders terrorise community!

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35
Q

sound effects
sounds added to or enhanced in a text

A

The sound of a cash register in an advertisement to suggest a bargain

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36
Q

subtext
an underlying theme or message in a text, with an unstated meaning

A

A news article implying that Aboriginal health problems are of their unmaking
An analysis of an election campaign that implies a flawed, cynical approach by the party

37
Q

vested interest
a personal interest in a decision

A

An article written by a real estate agent about the property market in a particular area
A letter written by a family member supporting the actions of a high profile member of the community.

38
Q

vocabulary choice
the deliberate selection of words

A

A news article about a health crisis or a heath concern.

39
Q

Appeal to authority
Uses the opinion of an expert or authority figure to impress audiences or prove a point

A

Professor Tran’s extensive research in this area leaves little doubt that…’

40
Q

Appeal to common sense
Common sense is practical, everyday knowledge that is accepted as obvious and therefore ‘true’.

A

The Australian Medical Association said it was common sense that a ban [on advertising junk food to children] would work.’ (Age, 16/05/07)

41
Q

Appeal to family values
Suggests that traditional family life provides the essential values for a healthy, stable society. Usually takes the nuclear family for granted.

A

The government needs to make the well-being of families a top priority the ensure parents have the time and resources to care for children so that they grow up feeling secure and loved.’

42
Q

Appeal to fear and insecurity
Suggests that people’s safety, security or freedom is at risk; often exaggerates a situation to present a ‘worst case scenario’.

A

If we don’t act now we are in mortal danger.’
‘The terrorists are amongst us now- we must be vigilant.’

43
Q

Appeal to the hip-pocket nerve
Threatens our financial well-being because we fear or believe that we are being overcharge or ‘ripped off’.

A

Who funds the ABC? That’s right, we do. If the show’s creators can think of no better use for OUR money than to spend it on puerile nonsense, then it’s time to give it the chop.’

44
Q

Appeal to tradition and customs
Appeals to a sense of security based on the belief that rituals and traditions are valuable and should be preserved.

A

Generations of Australians once thrilled to see the circus roll into town. And while urban sprawl is taking its toll, a small band of families keeps the magic alive…’

45
Q

Appeal to loyalty and patriotism
Assumes commitment to our group, a love of our country, that old ways of doing things should be highly valued.

A

Don’t let your community down- you owe it a helping hand so it can help you in the future.’

46
Q

Appeal to sense of justice
Plays on our beliefs that we all have the right to be treated fairly and we should strive for just outcomes.

A

Let’s have a fair go for all.’
‘The death penalty is the ultimate form of inhuman punishment and a violation of fundamental human rights,’
(Amnesty International)

47
Q

Emotive language
Deliberate use of strong words and phrases to arouse the reader’s feelings and so manipulate them to agree.

A

There are plans for a national helpline. This should be fast-tracked. In the desperate, late-night hours, a prompt reply could make the difference between life and death.’
(Herald Sun, 2007)

48
Q

Exaggeration, overstatement, hyperbole
Presents an extreme view of a situation for dramatic impact and to provoke strong emotional responses.
Hyperbole is an extravagant statement not meant to be taken literally.

A

With the Greens holding the balance of power, whole industries would be shut down and workers thrown on the scrap heap.’

49
Q

Inclusive language
Uses ‘we’, ‘our’ ‘us’ etc to include the readers in the same group as the writer. Assumes that everyone in the group shares the writer’s viewpoint.

A

We all know that…’
‘We have to start thinking smarter about solving our problems and nurturing our budding entrepreneurs.’

50
Q

Imagery
Figurative language, that which creates a picture or image in the readers mind

A

The party was broken up by police, but who was left to clean up the alcohol bottles strewn across front lawns, the smashed glass in the gutters, the cigarette butts which were everywhere?’

51
Q

Juxtaposition
The placement of two concepts near each other in order for readers to make a comparison.

A

Take the landing at Gallipoli. This battle is remembered and its heroes celebrated nearly 100 years on. Do you think that we will be celebrating any battle of the Iraq war? No. I don’t think so.’

52
Q

Metaphor and simile
Compare two different things, suggesting a similarity between them. A simile uses ‘as if’ or ‘like’; a metaphor does not.

A

The team was about as effective as a walking corpse.’

53
Q

Reason and logic
Used to link ideas and develop an argument supporting the writer’s point of view.
Can take into account the opposing viewpoint in order to show why the writer’s argument is superior.

A

If we had single-bench seating on either side of the carriage, and installed poles and hand rails along the middle, we could easily accommodate more people.’

54
Q

Ambiguity

A

When something is left to the reader’s imagination

55
Q

Analogy

A

Uses two similar concepts or ideas to create a relationship or draw comparisons between the two

56
Q

Antithesis

A

Using two sentences with contradictory or contrasting meanings close to one another

57
Q

Archetype

A

An immediately recognisable character, concept or object

58
Q

Atmosphere

A

The feeling or mood created by a place, situation or text

59
Q

Characterisation

A

The process by which characters are introduced, described and then fully formed through their choices, interactions, etc.

60
Q

Contrast

A

Any situation wherein two different or opposing things are presented together

61
Q

Context

A

The time, place and social setting within which a text was created

62
Q

Dramatic Irony

A

Any situation wherein the audience is privy to some sort of information that the characters do not know

63
Q

Exclamation

A

A sentence ending with an exclamation mark or said with a tone of shock/excitement

64
Q

Frame Narrative

A

A story within a story

65
Q

Foil

A

A character that contrasts the main character

66
Q

Foreshadowing

A

The act of hinting at or setting up a situation, event or action

67
Q

Form

A

The construction and structure of a text

68
Q

Fractured Sentences

A

Incomplete or broken off sentences

69
Q

Icons

A

An object, image or person that symbolises something larger

70
Q

Intertextuality

A

When one text makes reference to another text

71
Q

Language Choices

A

This includes individual word choices based on connotations

72
Q

Linear and Non-Linear

A

This describes the way in which a narrative flows or is told

73
Q

Metonymy

A

Referring to something by something associated with it

74
Q

Modality

A

Strength of a word or phrase (high = strong, low = weak)

75
Q

Mood

A

The emotional atmosphere of a piece of writing

76
Q

Motif

A

A recurring idea, symbol, or object that carries meaning

77
Q

Omission

A

Leaving something out of the text to create suspense or let the reader imagine

78
Q

Onomatopoeia

A

Words that sound like what they represent

79
Q

Oxymoron

A

Combining opposite words for effect

80
Q

Parallels

A

Similar situations or characters used for comparison

81
Q

Pathetic fallacy

A

Giving human emotions or characteristics to non-human things

82
Q

Person/Narrative Perspective

A

The point of view from which a story is told (1st = I, 2nd = you, 3rd = they)

83
Q

Personification

A

Giving human qualities to non-living things

84
Q

Setting

A

The location and time period of a story

85
Q

Sibilance

A

The repetition of ‘s’ sounds for a specific effect

86
Q

Sound devices

A

Techniques that use sound for effect in writing

87
Q

Symbolism

A

When an object represents something more than itself

88
Q

Syntax

A

Sentence structure (how words are arranged in a sentence)

89
Q

Theme

A

The underlying message or idea explored in a piece of writing

english 1/2 (3 decks)

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