Metalanguage Flashcards
Connected Speech Processes
Phonology
AVIE
- Assimilation
Handbag-> ’Hambag’ - Vowel Reduction
You-> ’Ya’ - Insertion
Hamster-> ’Hampster’ - Elision
Going to->Gonna
Prosodic Features
Phonology
VITSP
- Volume
- Intonation
- Tempo
- Stress
- Pitch
Phonological Patterning
Phonology
AC ROAR
- Assonance (Rhyme with vowels)
List, kiss - Consonance (Rhyme with consonants)
Ireland, England - Rhyme
Time, lime - Onomatopoeia
Woof - Alliteration
Fat Philip - Rhythm
Deliberate repeated use of intonation and stress
Only use it when it’s very very obvious
Morphological Patterning / Word Formation Processes
Morphology
BBAAASICC
- Blending
Smoke and fog -> Smog - Backformation
Editor->Edit - Affixation
- Infix: Absofuckinglutely
- Prefix: Pre-Proposal
- Suffix: Girlfriendless
- Abbreviation (?)
- Acronym
Pronounce it phonetically (AIDS)
Note that it can be technical or playful depending on the context (SDS-PAGE Gel Electrophoresis vs LOL) - Shortening
Examination->Exam, needs more clarification with the new study design - Initialism
Pronounce each letter individually
E.g. HIV
Same note about how it can be technical or playful depending on the context - Contraction
- Compounding
Hypocoristic
Morphology
- Diminutives: Servo, souza, hazza, ambos, Gazza, etc
Word Classes
Lexicology
- Nouns
- Pronouns
- Proper nouns
- Adjectives
- Adverbs
- Prepositions
- Interjections
- Determiners
Word Formation
Lexicology
- Borrowings
- Commonisations
- Neologisms
- Nominalisations
Sentence Types
Syntax
- Interrogative
- Declarative
- Imperative
- Exclamative
Sentence Structure
Syntax
- Sentence fragments
- Simple
- Compound
- Complex
Phrases
Syntax
- Noun phrase
- Verb phrase
- Adverbial phrase
- Adjectival phrase
- Prepositional phrase
Voice
Syntax
- Active voice
- Passive voice
- Agentless passive voice
Paralinguistic features
Discourse and Pragmatics
- Laughter
- Whispers
- Coughing
- Intake of breath
Coherence
Discourse and Pragmatics
FLICCC
- Formatting
- Logical ordering
- Inference
- Consistency and conventions
Cohesion
Discourse and Pragmatics
IF CARS CRASHED
- Information Flow
- Collocation
- Adverbial
- Repetition
- Substitution
- Conjunctions
- Referencing
- Anaphoric
- Cataphoric
- Ellipses
- Deixis
Speaker Role / Power Dynamic
Discourse
- Speaker Roles
- Interviewer/Interviewee
- Journalist/Speaker
- Power Dynamic
- Dominance (The influence they have on turn-taking and topic management)
- Equal power dynamic
Cooperativeness / Supportiveness
Discourse
- Overlapping speech
- Minimal responses
- Laughter
- Positive face needs
Spontaneity
Discourse
- Non-fluency features
- Pause fillers
Features of Spoken Discourse
Discourse
CD MOAN
- Closings
- Discourse particles (like, so, well)
- Introduce reported speech
- Topic shift
- Establish commonality
- Hedging
- Minimal responses / Backchanneling
- Openings
- Overlapping speech
- Adjacency pairs
- Non-fluency features
Topic Management
Spoken Discourse Strategy
- Introduce a topic
- Conclude a topic
- Shift a topic
- Develop a topic
- Topic loop
Turn Taking
Spoken Discourse Strategy
- Pass the floor
- Hold the floor
- Take the floor
Politeness Strategies
Discourse
- Positive face needs (feeling a sense of belonging, to feel admired, to feel liked)
- Negative face needs (wanting a sense of autonomy, a sense of freedom)
Semantic Domain
Semantics
- A lexical set of words that are grouped by meaning
Inference
Semantics
- Place names
- Events
- Only people within an ingroup or have experienced something would understand
- Good for context ingroup membership
Semantic Patterning
Semantics
SALAMI POP + Figurative Language
- Simile
- Animation
- Lexical ambiguity
- Metaphor
- Irony
- Personification
- Oxymoron
- Pun
- Figurative Language
Lexical Meaning and Sense Relations
Semantics
CASHH ID
- Connotation
- Antonymy
- Synonymy
- Hypermymy
- Hyponymy
- Idiom
- Denotation
Euphemism and Dysphemism
Semantics
- Euphemism, indirectly describe something
- Dysphemism, describes something very explicitly
Situational Context
MFTTS
- Mode
- Field
- Text type
- Tenor
- Setting
