metalanguage

Question 1

Jakobson’s functions - referential

Answer 1

conveys information/communicative

Question 2

Jakobson’s functions - emotive

Answer 2

interprets feelings, desires (about senders feelings/attitudes)

Question 3

Jakobson’s functions - conative

Answer 3

engages the addressee - directed at receivers

Question 4

Jakobson’s functions - phatic

Answer 4

establishes social connections

Question 5

Jakobson’s functions - metalinguistic

Answer 5

talks about language - shared understanding

Question 6

Jakobson’s functions - poetic

Answer 6

brings in aesthetic dimensions (does not have to have an artistic purpose - beautiful)

Question 7

Phonological features - elision

Answer 7

removal of sound/syllable e.g. interesting > intresting
e.g. library > libry

Question 8

Phonological features - reductions

Answer 8

unstressed sound change
e.g. were > wa
e.g. and > nd/n

Question 9

Phonological features - insertion/epenthesis

Answer 9

adding sounds
e.g. athlete > ath e lete
e.g. umbrella > um ber ella

Question 10

Phonological features - flapping

Answer 10

voiceless sound to voiced
e.g. footy > foody

Question 11

Phonological features - assimilation

Answer 11

sounds change to merge/resemble nearby sounds e.g. handbag > hambag
e.g. don’t know > dunno

Question 12

Morphological features - hypocoristic suffixation/ diminutive endings

Answer 12

shortening + adding suffix e.g. -ie, -o, -a, -y
Ambo, Maccas, Sparkie

Question 13

Morphological features - reduplication

Answer 13

involves rhyming patterning
e.g. school-shmool
okey-dokey

Question 14

Lexical choice - swearing and expletives

Answer 14

links to slang but has its own social ‘rules’ (can be standard or non-standard) (exclamatory interjection) (fulfils social functions - closeness)

Question 15

Lexical choice - dysphemisms

Answer 15

unpleasant or improper way of mentioning a taboo topic / harsh, direct, blunt

Question 16

Lexical choice - taboo

Answer 16

socially prescribed as improper / unacceptable

Question 17

Syntax - elipsis

Answer 17

grammatical elements omitted from a sentence e.g. do you want to come > want to come

Question 18

Discourse

Answer 18

• informal choices link to non-standard forms of language in other subsystems
• usuallly function to decrease social distance, build rapport, group membership and friendly identity

Question 19

What is the memory cue for the features of spoken discourse and what does it stand for?

Answer 19

DOONA
-Discourse markers/particles
- Openings/closings
- Overlapping speech
- Non-fluency features
-Adjacency pairs, minimal responses and backchanneling

Question 20

What is the memory cue for strategies of spoken discourse and what does it stand for?

Answer 20

TTMC
- Topic management
- Turn-taking
- Management of repair sequences
- Code-switching as a marker of group membership and belonging