Metalanguage Flashcards
Acronyms
Are words that evolve as the result of using the first letter of a series of words and pronouncing them as a whole new word
Adjective phrase
A group of words functioning as an adjective in a sentence
Adverb phrase
Consists of an adverb or words acting as adverbs within a sentence
Affixation
The morphemes that we add to words either at the front or at the end
Archaism
Words that are no longer used in everyday life
Assimilation
When a sound changes to become more like a neighbouring sound
Blends
Are words provided by using parts of two words to create a new one
Borrowings
Taking words from other languages
Bound morphemes
Cannot stand alone, must be attached to a free morpheme
Clauses
Minimally consists of a subject and a verb
Collocations
Are words within phrases so closely associated with one another that when we hear one we almost automatically provide another
Communisation
Involves the development of common, everyday words from words that began life as proper nouns
Fragments
Typically used in informal or causal written texts
E.g. potato cakes 3 for $1
Simple
Contain a single moan clause
E.g. I bought three potato cakes
Compound
Contain at least two main clauses joined together by a coordinating conjunction
E.g. I bought three potato cakes and Theo bought a burger with the lot
Complex
Contain a simple main clause and one or more sub ordinate clauses. The main clause is dominant in the meaning of the sentence and the sub add extra meaning to the main.
E.g. I bought three potato cakes because I was hungry
Paralinguistic features
Such as food, Qufu, choose body gestures, body languages, and I guess help convey meaning an emotion
Code switching
When someone switches or incorporate an additional language in the speech. A matter of social and cultural background
Openings and closings
Introduce the topic formulatic utterances, winding down comments before verbally signing off lead to new topic
Overlapping speech
Done by accident, think someone is finished, waiting to add to the conversation, agreeing with them, echoing their thoughts contradict Intraject and take the floor
Interrogative tags
Tags, we put at the end of a sentence, turn statement into a question, giving the floor over check. They are following affirmation or empathy from the listener.
Adjacency pairs
Are adjacent turns in sporting discourse that relate to each other such as questions and answers or greetings and responses
Discourse particles
All the little fillers, we insert in our speech for a particular purpose
Non-fluency features
Are a natural part of speech, particularly when we are speaking on our feet spontaneously
Pauses
Breathing, grammatical boundary, dramatic affect, hesitation
Filled pauses
- um, ah, er
- repetition
- repair, false start
Topic management
Controlling the topic of conversation, discourse, particles to introduce new topics, ask questions, minimal response, echo words from the same semantic field
Turn taking
Taking the floor, holding the floor, passing the floor, respect, the implicit, cultural rules, and norms of that particular social context, explicit signals to indicate whose turn it is to speak
Taking the floor
Signalling, interrupting, paralanguage, sticks, features, latch onto the end of sentences
Holding the floor
Continuing intonation, rising intonation, conjunctions, filled pauses
Passing the floor
Floor sharing, interrogative, discourse particles, falling or final internation, vocative, formulatic phrase
Minimal responses
Little sounds or worse, show, encouragement, or support, laughter, echoing
Cohesion and coherence
Planned speech, try to order thoughts, try to stay on topic, openings, and clothings to give structure to the discourse, we avoid repetition by using substitution, make cohesive links
Semantic fields/ domains
When lexemes can be grouped with others that have interrelated meanings, they are set to belong to the same semantic field
Semantic over-generalisation + inference
Draw an existing knowledge to fill gaps is called interference
Etymology
Words and meanings change 
Denotation
Is its literal meaning as it is defined in the dictionary
Connotation
Refers to the additional emotional associations for values that attach themselves to the word overtired
Broadening
A Lexeme widens it’s meaning
Narrowing
The meaning of a Lexeme becomes limited
Elevation
When a word takes on a more positive meaning that it once had
Deterioration
When a lexeme takes on a more negative meaning
Shift
When a Lexeme takes kn a new meaning and loses its original meaning
Compound - complex sentences
Must have at least three courses in total with at least two main causes and at least one sub clause
- I bought three potato cakes and Theo bought a burger with the lot because we were both hungry
Ellipses
Involves removing words or phrases from an utterance, close or sentence if they are employed or unnecessary
Norminalistion
Occurs when a noun is created from a word from any other word class, particularly verbs
