Metal Aqua Ions Flashcards
What colour is [Fe(H2O)6]2+
Green
What colour is [Cu(H2O)6]2+
Blue
What colour is [Al(H2O)6]3+
Colourless
What colour is [Fe(H2O)6]3+
Yellow
What are metal salts typically represented as?
Anhydrous ionic solids
What is the definition for a brønsted lowery acid?
Proton donor
What is the definition for a brønsted lowery base?
Proton acceptor
What are metal aqua ion complexes also known as?
Weak acids
Why are 3+ metal aqua ions more acidic than 2+?
Water breaks down to become a H+ donor. This happens more in 3+ aqua ions
What is the general equation for 2+ complexes when added to water?
[metal(water)6]2+ + water —> [metal(water) 5 (OH)]+ + H3O+
What is the general equation for 2+ complexes when added to water?
[metal(water)6]3+ + water —> [metal(water) 5 (OH)]2+ + H3O+
State the chemical chain of reactions when sodium hydroxide is added to [Al(H2O)6]3+ drop wise, in excess and standing in air….
Drop wise: colourless solution to white ppt
Excess: white ppt to colourless solution
In air: no change
State the chemical chain of reactions when sodium hydroxide is added to [Fe(H2O)6]3+ drop wise, in excess and standing in air….
Drop wise: yellow solution to brown ppt
Excess: no change
In air: no change
State the chemical chain of reactions when sodium hydroxide is added to [Cu(H2O)6]2+drop wise, in excess and standing in air….
Drop wise: blue solution to blue ppt
Excess no change
In air: no change
State the chemical chain of reactions when sodium hydroxide is added to [Fe(H2O)6]2+drop wise, in excess and standing in air….
Drop wise: green solution to green ppt
Excess no change
In air green ppt oxidises to brown ppt
What is the general equation for 2+ complexes when sodium hydroxide is added?
[Metal(water)6]2+ (aq) + 2OH- —-> M(H2O)4(OH)2 (s) + 2 water
What is the general equation for 3+complexes when sodium hydroxide is added?
[Metal(water)6]3+ (aq) + 3OH- —-> M(H2O)3(OH)3 (s) + 3 water
What can be added to reverse the reaction between metal aqua ions with sodium hydroxide?
Hydrochloric acid
How do metal hydroxides precipitates act?
As bases
What does amphoteric mean?
Reacts with both acids and alkalis
Give 2 examples of transition metals that are amphoteric
Al3+
Cr3+
Give the general equation equation for metal aqua ion reactions with ammonia solution
[metal(water)6]2+/3+ + 2/3NH3 —> M(H2O)3/4(OH)2/3 + 2/3 NH4+
When ammonia is added to metal aqua ions what does it act as?
Brønsted lowery base
Give the formula of the anode complex when an excess/ conc ammonia is added to copper hexa aqua ion
[copper(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+
Give the colour changes when dilute ammonia is added drop wise, in excess and on standing in air to aluminium hexa aqua ion
Drop wise colourless to white ppt
Excess no further change
Standing no further change
Give the colour changes when dilute ammonia is added drop wise, in excess and on standing in air to iron (iii) hexa aqua ion
Drop wise yellow solution to brown ppt
Excess and standing have no further change
Give the colour changes when dilute ammonia is added drop wise, in excess and on standing in air to copper hexa aqua ion
Drop wise blue solution to blue ppt
Excess light blue ppt to deep blue ppt
In air no further change
Give the colour changes when dilute ammonia is added drop wise, in excess and on standing in air to iron (Ii) hexa aqua ion
Drop wise green solution to green ppt
Excess no change
In air brown ppt
Give the general equation for the reaction of a 2+ metal aqua ion with sodium carbonate
[M(H2O)6]2+ + CO3- —> MCO3 + 6 water
