Metabolism Session 1 - Introduction and Energy Reactions in cells Flashcards
Define and give approximate value of your daily energy expenditure
Adult male weight and daily energy?
Adult female weight and daily energy?
12,000 KJ - 70kg
9500 KJ - 58kg
Define and give approximate value of your daily energy expenditure
Three parts of daily energy expenditure
1) Energy to support BMR
2) Energy for voluntary physical activities
3) Energy required to process the food we (diet induced thermogenesis)
Define and give approximate value of your daily energy expenditure
Define BMR
A measure of the basal energy required to maintain life - the function of various tissues of the body at physical, emotional and digestive rest.
Define and give approximate value of your daily energy expenditure
Major tissues contributing to BMR and values
Skeletal muscle - 30%
CNS - 20%
Liver - 20%
Heart 10%
Define and give approximate value of your daily energy expenditure
How is BMR calculated and what are the units?
What group of people can you NOT use this calculation for?
BMR = weight in kg x100
kJ/24hr
Obese people
Define and give approximate value of your daily energy expenditure
How does change in temperature effect BMR?
What two other factors effect BMR?
10% for ever 1* increase in body temp
Excessive secretion of thyroid hormone, pregnancy and lactation
What calculation is used to determine VPA energy of a person who engages in 2hr of moderate exercise per day
BMR + 60-70% of BMR
Why is energy needed for diet induced thermogenesis?
What is the energy required to process food equal to?
To digest, absorb, distribute and store nutrients
10% of the energy content of ingested food
What is the RDA?
The quantities of nutrients required to keep the general population in good health
What are the seven necessary factors in diet?
Fat, Carbohydrate, Protein, Vitamins, minerals, water and fibre
How is a reaction described when energy released in greater than energy input?
Exergonic
Give energy values for fat, carbohydrate, alcohol and protein
37 kJ/g, 17kJ/g, 29 kJ/g and 17kJ/g respectively
Why is there no absolute requirement for glucose in the diet?
Can be obtained via gluconeogenesis
What are the three uses of fats in the body?
- energy yield 2.2x greater than carbohydrate, so do not have to eat as much
- Vital for absorption of fat soluble vitamins ADEK
- Certain polynsaturated fatty acids (essential) such a linoleic and linolenic acids form structural components of cell membrane and precursors of important regulatory molecules (eicosanoids)
What is the turnover of tissue protein in an adult male/day?
400g/day
How much protein is lost per day be an adult male and thus how much is required in diet?
35g/day
Why does the body need dietary protein?
To supply essential amino acids which are not synthesised by the body, such as lysine
How much water is lost from the body each day?
2.5 litres
What percentage of an adults body mass is water?
50-60%
What is dietary fibre necessary for?
Normal bowel function
Why are mineral and vitamins essential? (two reasons)
Prevent defiency
Some have important anti-oxidant properties
How do you calculate BMI?
weight (kg)/height^2(m)