metabolism, respiration, and photosynthesis Flashcards
Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller
ones?
catabolism
Which of the following is (are) true for anabolic pathways?
they consume energy to build up polymers from monomers
Whenever energy is transformed, there is always an increase in the
entropy of the universe
Which of the following statements is true concerning catabolic pathways?
They are usually coupled with anabolic pathways to which they supply energy in the form of ATP.
The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?
accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?
NADH and pyruvate
In oxidative phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to
convert ADP + Pi to ATP?
energy released from diffusion of protons through ATP synthase
Which of the following occurs in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?
glycolysis and fermentation
The purpose of the step in fermentation that converts pyruvate to alcohol (or lactic acid) is to
oxidize NADH to NAD+.
Which of the following products of the light reaction of photosynthesis are utilized in the Calvin cycle?
ATP and NADPH
assume a thylakoid membrane is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer
separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following
processes?
the synthesis of ATP because of a lack of proton gradient
17) Of the following, what do both mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?
chemiosmosis
what is chemiosmosis
cells generate ATP using a proton (H⁺) gradient across a membrane. It occurs in both cellular respiration (mitochondria) and photosynthesis (chloroplasts).
What type of energy generated by the electron transfer chain is used in ATP formation?
Electro-chemical energy or proton gradient or proton motif force
How does the energy balance of aerobic and anaerobic ATP formation per glucose molecule compare?
-Aerobic is the same as respiration and produces anywhere from 30 to 38 ATPs per glucose, all but 2 from
oxidative phosphorylation
-Anaerobic is fermentation and produces 2 ATPs per glucose. Most of the energy is lost in form of alcohol or lactic acid
What is the role of water in the carbon cycle between plants and animals?
it carries reducing equivalent that can be extracted (activated) by sunlight in the chloroplasts of plants.
Water is the end product of respiration with reducing equivalents at their lowest energy state
catabolic reaction
breaks down smaller complex molecules into simpler ones
releases energy (exergonic)
(cellular respiration)
anabolic reaction
build up complex molecules from simpler ones
requires energy (endergonic)
(protein synthesis)
