Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energy

Question 1

How many calories in a Calorie, how many in 1 Kcal?

Answer 1

1000 calories in a Calorie and 4.185 calories in a Kcal

Question 2

What is catabolism?

Answer 2

Degradative process, some will yield useful energy, oxidative

Question 3

What is anabolism?

Answer 3

Bio synthetic process that makes cellular materials, require energy, reductive

Question 4

Exergonic Properties

Answer 4

Downhill reactions, with available energy; reactants have high energy while products have low energy; delta G is negative (favorable); spontaneous reaction proceeds forward

Question 5

Endergonic Properties

Answer 5

Uphill reactions; require energy; reactants have low energy and products have high energy; Delta G is positive (unfavorable); spontaneous reaction proceeds backward

Question 6

How to drive unfavorable reaction?

Answer 6

By coupling them-hydrolysis of ATP

Question 7

Relative heat value of fat?

Answer 7

9 cal/g

Question 8

Relative heat value of carb?

Answer 8

4 cal/g

Question 9

Relative heat value of protein?

Answer 9

4 cal/g vs 5 cal/g in bomb calorimeter

Question 10

Relative heat value for ethanol?

Answer 10

7 cal/g

Question 11

Why do proteins yield less energy in body than in bomb calorimeter?

Answer 11

Some protein remains unavailable as urea

Question 12

What is respiratory quotient?

Answer 12

RQ= CO2produced/ O2 utilized

Question 13

RQ for carb = ?

Answer 13

1.0

Question 14

RQ for fat= ?

Answer 14

0.7

Question 15

RQ for protein= ?

Answer 15

0.8

Question 16

An individual at rest has an RQ of ?

Answer 16

.08

Question 17

RQ for individual performing exercise=?

Answer 17

1.0

Question 18

RQ of arm at rest=?; why?

Answer 18

0.7 because resting muscle utilizes fat instead of carb

Question 19

RQ for brain=?;why?

Answer 19

1.0 because main energy supply is glucose

Question 20

How to calculate basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 20

Weight in kg x 24 hrs, add 1/3 to account for normal level of physical activity

Question 21

How to calculate BMR in KJ?

Answer 21

Weight x 100 kJ

Question 22

BMR differences

Answer 22

Male>Female
Younger>older
Tall>short
Lactating> pregnant >not pregnant and not lactating
Leaner tissue>fat 
Fever can raise BMR by 14%/ degree Celsius 
Fasting/starving decrease BMR
More thyroxine >

Question 23

What is the principal reserve for long term food deprivation?

Answer 23

Fat mostly as TAGs