Metabolism

Question 1

total of all physical and chemical reaction in which the body builds itself and maintains itself, and by which it breaks down substances for the production of energy.

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

principle circulating sugar in the blood and the majoor energy source of the body

Answer 2

glucose

Question 3

produced as intermediate products of fat metabolism

Answer 3

ketone bodies

Question 4

a byproduct of glucose and glycogen metabolism in anaerobic muscle energetics

Answer 4

lactic acid

Question 5

24 different building blocks of protein

Answer 5

amino acid

Question 6

any of a large group of monobasic acids, especially those found in animal and vegetable fats and oils

Answer 6

fatty acid

Question 7

the building up of complex compounds from simpler compounds (e.g. amino acids forming proteins)

Answer 7

anabolism

Question 8

breaking down of complex chemical compounds to simpler chemical compounds (e.g. proteins to amino acids)

Answer 8

catabolism

Question 9

the base rate of metabolism the body seeks to maintain

Answer 9

metabolic set point

Question 10

the minimum amount of energy required by metabolism to sustain life; expressed in calorie/hr/sq m of body surface

Answer 10

BMR (basal metabolic rate)

Question 11

the tendency of foodstuffs to produce energy as heat

Answer 11

thermic effect

Question 12

unit of energy/heat; the amount of heat needed to warm 1g of water 1 degree celsius

Answer 12

calorie

Question 13

unit of energy used in nutrition studies; =1000 calories; represented by “C”

Answer 13

kilocalorie

Question 14

way to measure the mix of “fuel” used by the body; aka how much fat, protein, and carbs are being burned for energy

Answer 14

RQ (Respiratory Quotient)

Question 15

how easily a food is converted to body weight; high efficiency means it is easily converted and vice versa

Answer 15

food efficiency

Question 16

the more heat liberated from a food, the more oxygen is required; the higher the metabolic rate

Answer 16

what is the relationship between thermogenesis and oxygen?

Question 17

chemical act of combing with oxygen or removing hydrogen

Answer 17

oxidation

Question 18

1. Strength/power: 0-3 sec mx effort, immediate ATP stores, e.g. powerlift
2. Sustained power: 0-10 sec near max effort; ATP/CP stores; e.g. sprints
3. Anaerobic power/endurance: ATP, CP, and Lactic acid, 1-2 mins; e.g 400m
4. Aerobic Endurance: oxidative, over 2 mins

Answer 18

what are the 4 basic groups of physical activities based on the energy systems used to sustain them?

Question 19

organic compound found in muscle which releases energy when broken down

Answer 19

ATP

Question 20

high energy phosphate molecule which lends a phosphate (Pi) molecule to ADT to replenish lost ATPs

Answer 20

Creatine Phosphate

Question 21

muscle fatigue

Answer 21

Anaerobic threshold

Question 22

anaerobic energy pathway wherein glycogen/glucose (aka CARBS) is broken down to produce more ATP and lactic acid as a waste product

Answer 22

glycolytic pathway

Question 23

chemical process that converts lactate and pyruvate back into glucose

Answer 23

gluconeogensis

Question 24

sugar (or glucose) stored in muscle

Answer 24

glycogen

Question 25

glucose for emergency energy is synthesized from protein and glycerol in fats which is "muscle-wasting"; why ATP athletes should avoid undue aerobic exercise

Answer 25

What happens when glycogen levels drop too low in the glycolytic pathway?

Question 26

oxygen combines with lactic acid to resynthesize glycogen

Answer 26

what is the oxidative pathway?

Question 27

epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous tissue

Answer 27

what are the 4 types of tissue

Question 28

amount of energy (calories) required to sustain vital life processes at rest

Answer 28

RMR (Resting MEtabolic Rate)

Question 29

breaking down fats for energy

Answer 29

beta oxidation

Question 30

a by product of glycolysis; mostly directly converted to lactic acid

Answer 30

pyruvate

Question 31

citric acid cycle; 8 reactions, free energy is recovered in the form of ATP; one of the Oxidative pathways

Answer 31

Krebbs Cycle

Question 32

transporting of electrons across a membrane; aiding in a reaction to recover free energy in the form of ATP

Answer 32

Electron Transport Chain

Question 33

-glycogen/glucose depletion -fatty acid depletion -lactic acid buildup -decrease in blood ph oxygen depletion

Answer 33

Causes of Athletic Fatigue

Question 34

can be 1. burned as energy 2. stored as fat 3. excreted

Answer 34

what happens to food that you eat?

Question 35

from Glucose- 2 | from Glycogen- 3

Answer 35

how many ATP molecules are made in the Glycolyic energy path?

Question 36

skeletal and muscular

Answer 36

movement is the result of what 2 body systems

Question 37

206

Answer 37

how many bones in an adult

Question 38

80 bones, skull, spine, ribs and sternum

Answer 38

What is the axial skeleton

Question 39

bones, joints, muscle, connective tissue

Answer 39

what 4 components does the musculoskeletal system consist of

Question 40

flat bones: protection e.g scapular, sternum long bones: structural support e.g. tibia, femur short bones: shock absorption e.g. carpals and tarsals in hand sesamoid bones: protection/mechanical advantage e.g. patella irregular bones: variety e.g vertebrae

Answer 40

what are the 5 categroes of bones and their function

Question 41

joint= btween 2 bones | tendon=bone and muscle (TENDERIZE muscle)

Answer 41

what's the difference btwn a joint and tendon?

Question 42

synarthodial- no cavity/movement, such as is the skull | diarthrodial - has cavity and allows movement

Answer 42

describe the two types of joints

Question 43

``` ellipsoid- pivot- neck saddle- thumb hinge- elbow, ankle, knee ball and socket- shoulder, hip gliding ```

Answer 43

6 types of joints and example

Question 44

cardiac, smooth, skeletal

Answer 44

name the 3 types of muscle tissue

Question 45

600

Answer 45

how many muscles are there

Question 46

microfilaments that allow muslce to contract (myosin is thick and slides over actin)

Answer 46

What are actin and myosin?

Question 47

the idea that muscle fibers cannot partially contract

Answer 47

what is the "All or None" theory?

Question 48

motor units are recruited in order of their firing rate, depending on what is necessary

Answer 48

what is the size principle?

Question 49

1.

Answer 49

list 3 effects of resistance exercise