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ISSA Personal Training > Metabolism > Flashcards

Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

total of all physical and chemical reaction in which the body builds itself and maintains itself, and by which it breaks down substances for the production of energy.

A

metabolism

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2
Q

principle circulating sugar in the blood and the majoor energy source of the body

A

glucose

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3
Q

produced as intermediate products of fat metabolism

A

ketone bodies

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4
Q

a byproduct of glucose and glycogen metabolism in anaerobic muscle energetics

A

lactic acid

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5
Q

24 different building blocks of protein

A

amino acid

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6
Q

any of a large group of monobasic acids, especially those found in animal and vegetable fats and oils

A

fatty acid

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7
Q

the building up of complex compounds from simpler compounds (e.g. amino acids forming proteins)

A

anabolism

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8
Q

breaking down of complex chemical compounds to simpler chemical compounds (e.g. proteins to amino acids)

A

catabolism

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9
Q

the base rate of metabolism the body seeks to maintain

A

metabolic set point

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10
Q

the minimum amount of energy required by metabolism to sustain life; expressed in calorie/hr/sq m of body surface

A

BMR (basal metabolic rate)

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11
Q

the tendency of foodstuffs to produce energy as heat

A

thermic effect

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12
Q

unit of energy/heat; the amount of heat needed to warm 1g of water 1 degree celsius

A

calorie

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13
Q

unit of energy used in nutrition studies; =1000 calories; represented by “C”

A

kilocalorie

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14
Q

way to measure the mix of “fuel” used by the body; aka how much fat, protein, and carbs are being burned for energy

A

RQ (Respiratory Quotient)

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15
Q

how easily a food is converted to body weight; high efficiency means it is easily converted and vice versa

A

food efficiency

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16
Q

the more heat liberated from a food, the more oxygen is required; the higher the metabolic rate

A

what is the relationship between thermogenesis and oxygen?

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17
Q

chemical act of combing with oxygen or removing hydrogen

A

oxidation

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18
Q
  1. Strength/power: 0-3 sec mx effort, immediate ATP stores, e.g. powerlift
  2. Sustained power: 0-10 sec near max effort; ATP/CP stores; e.g. sprints
  3. Anaerobic power/endurance: ATP, CP, and Lactic acid, 1-2 mins; e.g 400m
  4. Aerobic Endurance: oxidative, over 2 mins
A

what are the 4 basic groups of physical activities based on the energy systems used to sustain them?

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19
Q

organic compound found in muscle which releases energy when broken down

A

ATP

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20
Q

high energy phosphate molecule which lends a phosphate (Pi) molecule to ADT to replenish lost ATPs

A

Creatine Phosphate

21
Q

muscle fatigue

A

Anaerobic threshold

22
Q

anaerobic energy pathway wherein glycogen/glucose (aka CARBS) is broken down to produce more ATP and lactic acid as a waste product

A

glycolytic pathway

23
Q

chemical process that converts lactate and pyruvate back into glucose

A

gluconeogensis

24
Q

sugar (or glucose) stored in muscle

A

glycogen

25
Q

glucose for emergency energy is synthesized from protein and glycerol in fats which is “muscle-wasting”; why ATP athletes should avoid undue aerobic exercise

A

What happens when glycogen levels drop too low in the glycolytic pathway?

26
Q

oxygen combines with lactic acid to resynthesize glycogen

A

what is the oxidative pathway?

27
Q

epithelial, muscle, connective, and nervous tissue

A

what are the 4 types of tissue

28
Q

amount of energy (calories) required to sustain vital life processes at rest

A

RMR (Resting MEtabolic Rate)

29
Q

breaking down fats for energy

A

beta oxidation

30
Q

a by product of glycolysis; mostly directly converted to lactic acid

A

pyruvate

31
Q

citric acid cycle; 8 reactions, free energy is recovered in the form of ATP; one of the Oxidative pathways

A

Krebbs Cycle

32
Q

transporting of electrons across a membrane; aiding in a reaction to recover free energy in the form of ATP

A

Electron Transport Chain

33
Q

-glycogen/glucose depletion
-fatty acid depletion
-lactic acid buildup
-decrease in blood ph
oxygen depletion

A

Causes of Athletic Fatigue

34
Q

can be 1. burned as energy

  1. stored as fat
  2. excreted
A

what happens to food that you eat?

35
Q

from Glucose- 2

from Glycogen- 3

A

how many ATP molecules are made in the Glycolyic energy path?

36
Q

skeletal and muscular

A

movement is the result of what 2 body systems

37
Q

206

A

how many bones in an adult

38
Q

80 bones, skull, spine, ribs and sternum

A

What is the axial skeleton

39
Q

bones, joints, muscle, connective tissue

A

what 4 components does the musculoskeletal system consist of

40
Q

flat bones: protection e.g scapular, sternum
long bones: structural support e.g. tibia, femur
short bones: shock absorption e.g. carpals and tarsals in hand
sesamoid bones: protection/mechanical advantage e.g. patella
irregular bones: variety e.g vertebrae

A

what are the 5 categroes of bones and their function

41
Q

joint= btween 2 bones

tendon=bone and muscle (TENDERIZE muscle)

A

what’s the difference btwn a joint and tendon?

42
Q

synarthodial- no cavity/movement, such as is the skull

diarthrodial - has cavity and allows movement

A

describe the two types of joints

43
Q 
ellipsoid- 
pivot- neck
saddle- thumb
hinge- elbow, ankle, knee
ball and socket- shoulder, hip
gliding
A

6 types of joints and example

44
Q

cardiac, smooth, skeletal

A

name the 3 types of muscle tissue

45
Q

600

A

how many muscles are there

46
Q

microfilaments that allow muslce to contract (myosin is thick and slides over actin)

A

What are actin and myosin?

47
Q

the idea that muscle fibers cannot partially contract

A

what is the “All or None” theory?

48
Q

motor units are recruited in order of their firing rate, depending on what is necessary

A

what is the size principle?

49
Q

1.

A

list 3 effects of resistance exercise

ISSA Personal Training (1 decks)

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