Metabolism Flashcards
What is ‘metabolism’
The chemical processes that occur in our body in order to maintain life
What are anabolic and catabolic processes?
Anabolic - Synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones
Catabolic - Breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones
Define ‘basal metabolic rate’
A measure of the energy required to maintain non-exercise bodily functions (e.g. respiration, heart contraction, biosynthesis, repair)
Normally about 1kcal/kg of body mass per hour
How must a person prepare before having their basal metabolic rate measured?
- 12 hour fast
- Lying still at physical and mental rest
- No tea/coffee/acohol/nicotine 12 hours prior
- No physical activity on previous day
Define malnutrition:
State of nutrition with a deficiency, excess or imbalance of energy, protein, or other nutrients causing measurable adverse effects
What is refeeding syndrome?
When there is an abrupt shift from fat metabolism to carb metabolism
- Causes increased insulin secretion
- hypophosphatemia (low phosphate as Pi used to glucose into energy)
What is this molecule:
ATP (adenine 5’-triphosphate)
Hydrolysed to ADP + phosphate + H+ (+heat)
What effect do bile salts have on triglycerides?
Break them down into micelles
What are ketones?
Ketones are molecules produced from the liver from acetyl CoA
What is the result of fatty acid ß-oxidation?
Forms acetyl CoA (can be used in the krebs cycle)
Some acetyl CoA is converted into ketones
fluid compartments
42L
- intracellular - 28L (high K+, protein)
- extracellular - 14L (high Na+/Cl-)
- plasma - 3L
- interstitial fluid - 11L
Hydrostatic pressure
Pressure exerted by a fluid
osmotic pressure
force favouring movement of water from high to low conc. (osmosis)
