Metabolism

Question 1

Where does fatty acid oxidation take place?

Answer 1

Exclusively in the mitochondria

Question 2

Where does acetyl-coA production take place?

Answer 2

Exclusively in the mitochondria

Question 3

Where does the TCA cycle take place?

Answer 3

Exclusively in the mitochondria

Question 4

Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?

Answer 4

Exclusively in the mitochondria

Question 5

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 5

Exclusively in the cytosol

Question 6

Where does fatty acid synthesis take place?

Answer 6

Exclusively in the cytosol

Question 7

Where does protein synthesis take place?

Answer 7

In the cytosol and RER

Question 8

Where does steroid synthesis take place?

Answer 8

In the cytosol and SER

Question 9

Where does cholesterol synthesis take place?

Answer 9

In the cytosol

Question 10

Where does heme synthesis take place?

Answer 10

In the cytosol AND mitochondria

Question 11

Where does the urea cycle take place?

Answer 11

In the cytosol and mitochondria

Question 12

Where does gluconeogenesis take place?

Answer 12

In the cytosol and mitochondria

Question 13

What is the rate determining enzyme of glycolysis?

Answer 13

Phosphofructokinase-1

Question 14

What are the activators of phosphofructokinase-1?

Answer 14

AMP, Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

Question 15

What are the inhibitors of phosphofructokinase-1?

Answer 15

ATP and citrate

Question 16

What is the rate determining enzyme of gluconeogenesis?

Answer 16

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase

Question 17

What are the activators of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase?

Answer 17

ATP

Question 18

What inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase?

Answer 18

AMP, Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate

Question 19

What is the rate determining enzyme of the TCA cycle?

Answer 19

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 20

What activates isocitrate dehydrogenase?

Answer 20

ADP

Question 21

What inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase?

Answer 21

ATP, NADH

Question 22

What is the rate determining enzyme of glycogenesis?

Answer 22

Glycogen synthase

Question 23

What activates glycogen synthase?

Answer 23

Glucose, insulin

Question 24

What inhibits glycogen synthase?

Answer 24

Glucagon, epinephrine

Question 25

What is the rate determining enzyme of glycogenolysis?

Answer 25

Glycogen phosphorylase

Question 26

What activates glycogen phosphorylase?

Answer 26

AMP, epinephrine, glucagon

Question 27

What inhibits glycogen phosphorylase?

Answer 27

ATP, insulin

Question 28

What is the rate determining enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway?

Answer 28

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 29

What activates glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase?

Answer 29

NADP+

Question 30

What inhibits glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase?

Answer 30

NADPH

Question 31

What is the rate determining enzyme of de novo pyrimidine synthesis?

Answer 31

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II

Question 32

What is the rate determining enzyme for de novo purine synthesis?

Answer 32

Glutamine-PRPP amidotransferase

Question 33

What inhibits glutamine-PRPP amidotransferase?

Answer 33

AMP, IMP, GMP

Question 34

What is the rate determining enzyme for the urea cycle?

Answer 34

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

Question 35

What activates carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I?

Answer 35

N-acetylglutamate

Question 36

What is the rate determining enzyme for fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 36

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase

Question 37

What activates acetyl-CoA carboxylase?

Answer 37

Insulin, citrate

Question 38

What inhibits acetyl-CoA carboxylase?

Answer 38

Glucagon, palmitoyl-CoA

Question 39

What is the rate determining enzyme for fatty acid oxidation?

Answer 39

Carnitine acyltransferase I

Question 40

What inhibits carnitine acyltransferase I?

Answer 40

Malonyl-CoA

Question 41

What is the rate determining enzyme for ketogenesis?

Answer 41

HMG-CoA synthase

Question 42

What is the rate determining enzyme for cholesterol synthesis?

Answer 42

HMG-CoA reductase

Question 43

What stimulates HMG-CoA reductase?

Answer 43

Insulin, thyroxine

Question 44

What inhibits HMG-CoA reductase?

Answer 44

Glucagon, cholesterol

Question 45

Where is hexokinase found?

Answer 45

Everywhere

Question 46

What are the kinetics of hexokinase?

Answer 46

High affinity, low Km, low capacity, low Vmax

Question 47

What inhibits hexokinase?

Answer 47

Feedback inhibition by glucose-6-phosphate

Question 48

Where is glucokinase found?

Answer 48

Liver and beta cells of the pancreas

Question 49

What are the kinetics of glucokinase?

Answer 49

Low affinity, high Km, high capacity, high Vmax

Question 50

Which is induced by insulin: hexokinase or glucokinase?

Answer 50

Glucokinase

Question 51

What are the cofactors required by pyruvate dehydrogenase?

Answer 51

TPP, FAD, NAD, CoA, Lipoic acid

Question 52

What inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase?

Answer 52

ATP, Acetyl-CoA, NADH

Question 53

What inhibits complex I of the ETC?

Answer 53

Rotenone

Question 54

What inhibits Complex III of the ETC?

Answer 54

Antimycin A

Question 55

What inhibits complex IV of the ETC?

Answer 55

Cyanide, Carbon monoxide

Question 56

What inhibits complex V of the ETC?

Answer 56

Oligomycin

Question 57

What are uncouplers?

Answer 57

Increase membrane permability of the IMM, destroy proton gradient--> examples: 2,4-DNP, aspirin, naturally: thermogenin (Brown fat)