Metabolism

Question 1

Heterotrophy

Answer 1

• Energy and volume obtained from other organisms

- E.G. Mammals

Question 2

Autotrophy

Answer 2

• Energy from sunlight and volume for CO2 in the atmosphere

- E.g. Plants

Question 3

Chemotrophs

Answer 3

Energy from chemical redox reactions

Question 4

Sources of creatine

Answer 4

• Total body pool = 120g
• diet = 1g/day
• synthesis from glycine, arginine and methionine in liver
• spontaneous degrades to creatinine which is excreted in urine

Question 5

Aldolase

Answer 5

• Named from reverse reaction which is an Algol condensation

- 6 carbon sugar split into two 3 carbon sugars

Question 6

Metabolic fate of pyruvate

Answer 6

Aerobic:
- acetyl CoA
Anaerobic:
- lactic acid
- ethanol

Question 7

Strong reducing agent

Answer 7

Negative redox potential

Question 8

Strong oxidising agent

Answer 8

Positive redox potential

Question 9

Electron transport

Answer 9

• 3 protein complexes and 2 mobile carriers

- energy released during each oxidation/reduction reactions

Question 10

Cyanide

Answer 10

• Blocks electron flow through cytochrome oxidase by reacting with the ferric form of a heme in the complex
• nitrite used to treat cyanide poisoning as it oxidises ferro haemoglobin which can then complete with the cytochrome oxidase for cyanide

Question 11

ATP generated by

Answer 11

-electrons flow from NADH or FADH2 to O2 via a series of redox couples in the electron transport chain