Metabolism Flashcards
1
Q
Define metabolism
A
Sum of all chemical processes necessary to make possible the characteristics of living cells
2
Q
Photoautotrophs
A
- Light for energy
- Inorganic source C
- Inorganic source e-
3
Q
Photoheterotrophs
A
- Light for energy
- Organic source C
- Organic source e-
4
Q
Chemoautotrophs
A
- Inorganic source energy
- Inorganic source C
- Inorganic source e-
5
Q
Chemoheterotrphs
A
- Organic compounds for energy
- Organic source C
- Organic source e-
6
Q
Fuel Oxidation
A
Catabolism
7
Q
Respiration
A
- Complex -> Simple
- Oxidative reactions
- electrons and protons removed + O added
- Occurs spontaneously - -dG
8
Q
Biosynthesis
A
Anabolism
9
Q
DNA synthesis
A
- Simple -> complex
- Reductive reactions + e-+H’s
- Reactions require energy
- Not spontaneous +dG
10
Q
How do enzymes aid endothermic reactions?
A
They can pair exothermic + endothermic reactions together b./c endothermic reactions not spontaneous
11
Q
What processes occur to convert metabolic fuels to organic compounds?
A
- Catabolism
- Small range of simple compounds
- Anabolism
12
Q
3 main ways energy is released between catabolism and anabolism
A
- High energy bonds
- Reduced co-enzymes
- Conc. gradients
13
Q
Breakdown of ATP
A
Catabolic
14
Q
NAD(P)H
A
- Catabolic
- REDOX that accept hydride ions
- Solube co-enzyme
- Synthetic pathways
- Kept at high conc.
15
Q
FADH2
A
- Catabolic
- Tightly held to enzymes
- REDOX not as high energy as NAD(P)H
16
Q
How is metabolism regulated?
A
- Cells use fuel in correct form
- Set range so excess must be stored
- Waste products removed
17
Q
Brain fuels
A
Glucose + Ketone bodies
18
Q
Skeletal Muscle fuels
A
Stores glycogen when glucose plentiful
19
Q
In fed state
A
- Liver -> Makes glycogen + fat when glucose plentiful
- Tissues take up excess glucose
- Adipose tissue -> stores fat
20
Q
In fasting
A
- Liver release glucose + ketone bodies
- Adipose release fatty acids
- Tissues switch to fat use
21
Q
Exercise
A
- Adipose release fatty acids
2. Liver release glucose
