Metabolism Flashcards
What is metabolism?
All the chemical reactions that take place in cells.
What are metabolic processes?
Catabolism: breaks larger molecules into smaller ones → releases energy.
Anabolism: builds smaller molecules into larger ones → requires energy.
What is cellular respiration?
Process by which organic molecules are broken down in cells to release energy for cell’s activity.
What is the cellular respiration equation?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy.
What happens with the energy released in the body?
60% is lost as heat → maintain body temperature.
40% is used as ATP.
What is a catalyst?
A substance that increases the rate of reaction without being consumed in the process.
How is energy released from ATP?
When the bonds are broken in catabolism, energy is released.
What does our cell use energy for?
Build complex molecules → anabolism, movement of cell, active transport, cell division & growth.
What is glycolysis?
Glucose is broken down in a series of 10 steps, producing 2 pyruvate molecules and 2 ATP molecules.
What is aerobic respiration?
Respiration requiring oxygen, involving glycolysis, conversion to Acetyl CoA, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport System.
What occurs during the conversion to Acetyl CoA?
2 pyruvate molecules enter mitochondria, convert to Acetyl CoA by losing two carbon molecules, producing 2 carbon dioxide molecules.
What is the Krebs Cycle?
Each molecule goes through the Krebs cycle separately, producing a total of 4 carbon dioxide molecules and 2 ATP molecules.
What happens in the Electron Transport Cycle?
Electrons are passed through an electron transport chain, releasing ATP each time, producing approx 26-34 ATP and water.
What is anaerobic respiration?
Respiration without the presence of oxygen, where 2 pyruvate molecules convert to lactic acid in the cytoplasm.
What causes the accumulation of lactic acid?
It causes pain and fatigue and is taken to the liver by blood where it combines with oxygen to form glucose and glycogen.
